Sensation (3) Flashcards

1
Q

How many neurons does it take to transmit information to sensory cortex?

A

3 neuronal chain

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2
Q

1st order neuron

A

periphery
associated with receptor
cell body in DRG
central process enters spinal cord

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3
Q

Where does 1st order neuron synapse with 2nd order neuron?

A

in spinal cord

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4
Q

Where is the 3rd cell body located?

A

thalamus

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5
Q

Where does the 3rd order neuron project?

A

to cortex

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6
Q

What are cells that transduce “environmental interaction” to produce an AP?

A

receptors

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7
Q

Which receptors respond to DOMS (lactic acid accumulation)?

A

chemoreceptors

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8
Q

Which receptors respond to pressure/touch?

A

mechanoreceptors (mechanical deformation)

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9
Q

Which receptors respond to taste?

A

chemoreceptors

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10
Q

What rate do free nerve endings adapt?

A

slowly adapting

TONIC input

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11
Q

What rate do ruffini endings adapt?

A

slowly adapting

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12
Q

Which receptors are non-encapsulated?

A

Free nerve endings, ruffini endings, merkels disks, hair endings

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13
Q

What rate do Merkel’s disks adapt?

A

rapidly adapting

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14
Q

Which receptors are most receptive to fine touch and velocity of touch?

A

Merkel’s disks

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15
Q

MOST rapidly adapting receptor type?

A

pacinian corpuscles

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16
Q

Which receptor can detect vibration?

A

pacinian corpuscles

17
Q

What rate do hair endings adapt?

A

rapidly adapting

18
Q

Which receptor category has crude awareness to joint movement tissues?

A

joint and muscle free nerve endings

19
Q

Receptors encode different sensory information based on their structure through a process called ________ .

A

transduction

20
Q

Transduction is the conversion of one form of energy (light, mechanical, etc) into ____________ that the nervous system can make sense of.

A

action potentials

21
Q

What is a receptor field?

A

Area innervated by receptors and the single sensory axon associated with them.

22
Q

If two points are applied to the same receptor field, what happens?

A

brain cannot differentiate - it only feels one input

23
Q

If two points are applied to two receptor fields, what happens?

A

brain CAN differentiate - it feels two separate inputs “2 point discrimination”

24
Q

Bigger receptor fields are associated with?

A

back, back of legs..

25
Q

smaller receptor fields are associated with?

A

fine motor areas… lips, hands…

26
Q

Crude touch, pain and temp on what kind of axon(s)?

A

unmyelinated and lightly myelinated axons.

27
Q

Discriminative touch, vibration, joint position on on what kind of axon(s)?

A

large myelinated axons

28
Q

Spinothalamic tract carries which signals?

A

crude touch, pain, and temperature

smaller axons

29
Q

Dorsal column medial lemniscal system carries which signals?

A

Fine, discriminative touch, vibration, proprioception

larger axons

30
Q

Early loss of sensation first affects?

A

vibration (attached to the largest axons)

31
Q

What is the fxn of cortical sensory association areas?

A

add recognition to simple sensory processing; combine receptors to conscious experience

32
Q

Babinski is also known as? What does positive response tell us?

A

extensor plantar response
positive response = toes flare up
indicates cortico-spinal lesion