Applied Exercise Physiology Session Learning Objectives

Question 1

Ventilation involves movement of air through conducting airways. Influences?

Answer 1

size/configuration of thorax, height, gender, race, age, disease

Question 2

Respiration involves gas exchange in the body. External vs internal?

Answer 2

external: alveolar-capillary exchange
internal: tissue-capillary level

Question 3

What factors determine oxygen uptake?

Answer 3

pulmonary ventilation, diffusion of oxygen, cardiac performance, redistribution of blood flow, utilization/extraction of oxygen uptake by skeletal muscle

Question 4

Physiological impact of increased oxygen demand on respiratory rate?

Answer 4

increased amplitude and frequency

more oxygen inhalation and delivery to tissues

Question 5

Physiological impact of increased oxygen demand on oxygen 
saturation?

Answer 5

no change

Question 6

Physiological impact of increased oxygen demand on heart rate?

Answer 6

increase to pump more blood to tissues (linear increase with workload)

Question 7

Physiological impact of increased oxygen demand on BP?

Answer 7

increase due to increased HR (BP = Q*peripheral resistance)
systolic increases more than diastolic
Diastolic rises less because of vasodilation that decreases peripheral resistance

Question 8

Physiological impact of increased oxygen demand on A-V O2 Diff.?

Answer 8

amount of oxygen extracted by tissues from the blood (in mL/dL) increases linearly with workload

Question 9

Pulmonary response to exercise?

Answer 9

increase tidal volume and RR

Question 10

Cardiovascular response to exercise?

Answer 10

Q increases due to HR and SV increases

Question 11

Musculoskeletal system response to exercise?

Answer 11

Increase ligament strength, tendon strength, bone density, collagen content, bone density, muscle fiber size, enzymes

Question 12

Define HR.

Answer 12

Wave of blood in artery caused by contraction of LV. (rate, rhythm, quality)

Question 13

Karvonen method for target HR calculation?

Answer 13

(Desired Intensity(Hrmax- Hrrest)) +HRrest

Question 14

Define Preload

Answer 14

amount blood in the L ventricle at end of diastole

Question 15

Define Contractility

Answer 15

ability of ventricles to contract

Question 16

Define afterload

Answer 16

force LV must generate during systole to overcome aortic pressure and open aortic valve

Question 17

Define SV.

Answer 17

volume of blood ejected with each contraction (mL/min); components are preload, afterload, contractility

Question 18

Define Cardiac Output (Q)

Answer 18

Volume of blood that leaves the ventricle per minute (L/min)

Q = SV*HR

Question 19

What is relationship between BP and Q?

Answer 19

higher BP = increased CO

Question 20

define V02 Max

Answer 20

Max energy consumed per minute at max intensity.

Question 21

v02 determinants

Answer 21

pulmonary ventilation
diffusion of oxygen
cardiac performance
redistribution of blood flow
utilization/extraction of 02 by skeletal muscle

Question 22

Fxns of Therex?

Answer 22

remediate/prevent impairments, enhance fxn, reduce risk, optimize overall health, enhance fitness/well-being

Question 23

Acute stage is known as

Answer 23

protection phase

Question 24

subacute stage is known as

Answer 24

controlled motion phase

Question 25

chronic stage is known as

Answer 25

return to fxn phase

Question 26

Essential components to exercise prescription

Answer 26

first ID the purpose!

intensity, duration, frequency, mode, progression

Question 27

Intensity is best measured by

Answer 27

v02 max

Question 28

Intensity is based on

Answer 28

overload principle, adaptation

Question 29

Mode is based on

Answer 29

specificity principle

Question 30

Aerobic exercise must include

Answer 30

warm up (elevate HR 10-20bpm); aerobic phase; cool down

Question 31

Adaptation takes a minimum of __-__ weeks.

Answer 31

10-12

Question 32

Adaptation results in

Answer 32

increased efficiency of CV system and active muscles, improves performance

Question 33

Adaptation is dependent on

Answer 33

ability of organism to change, variability of training threshold stimulus, level of fitness

Question 34

Cardiac changes with exercise at rest?

Answer 34

dec RHR, dec BP, inc blood volume and hemoglobin

Question 35

Cardiac changes with exercise?

Answer 35

dec HR, dec blood flow/kg muscle, dec myocardial 02 consumption
inc SV, Q, oxygen extraction, v02max

Question 36

Respiratory changes at rest?

Answer 36

larger lung volumes

larger diffusion capacities

Question 37

Respiratory changes with exercise?

Answer 37

larger diffusion capacities, increased ventilatory efficiency (lower volume of air ventilated at same consumption, increased max minute ventilation)

Question 38

Metabolic changes at rest?

Answer 38

muscle hypertrophy, increased capillary density, increased #/size of mitochondria, increase myoglobin

Question 39

Metabolic changes with exercise?

Answer 39

decreased rate of muscle glycogen depletion, lower blood lactate levels, less ATP-PC reliance, increased capability to oxidize CHO