Sensation

Question 1

sensory receptors

Answer 1

1. Somatosensory - touch, proprioception, haptic perception
2. Visual - proprioception
3. Vestibular

Question 2

sensory motor control

Answer 2

1. sensory input
2. central processors
3. motor output

Question 3

somatosensory senses

Answer 3

1. tactile
2. proprioception/ joint position sense
3. steregonosis/ haptic perception

Question 4

tactile

Answer 4

1. touch - light, deep, 2-point discrimination
2. temperature
3. pain
4. vibration

Question 5

proprioception/ joint positional sense

Answer 5

muscle and joints

Question 6

stereognosis/ haptic perception

Answer 6

ability to recognise objects by touch

Question 7

sensory ascending tracts

Answer 7

sensory ascending tract - going up to the CNS
dorsal column- medial lemniscus pathway (ipsilateral) - fine touch, 2 point discrimination vibration and proprioception
.
Lateral spinothalamic tract (contralateral) - pain and temperature
.
Medial/anterior spinothalamic tract (contralateral) - crude touch and firm pressure

Question 8

dorsal column- medial leminscus pathway tract projection

Answer 8

crosses at the medulla oblongata

Question 9

Anterolateral pathway tract projection

Answer 9

crosses over at the spinal cord

Question 10

thalamus

Answer 10

• Ascending tracts travel via medulla (dorsal fibres
  cross/decussate), then from medial lemniscus to
  thalamus
• Receives and modulates input from all ascending
  somatosensory tracts
• Also receives information from other areas,
  including basal ganglia and cerebellum
  Major processing centre of the brain

Question 11

Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 11

Area of the brain that is responsible for mapping out sensation. Joint receptor and muscle spindles go to this area to give signals
* Major processing centre for all somatosensory modalities and marks beginning of conscious awareness of somatosensation

• Located in the post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe, within internal capsule
• Brodmann area 1, 2, 3a & 3b = S1/primary somatosensory cortex
• Information from all sources (joint receptors, muscle spindles and cutaneous receptors) are integrated to give information about movement in a given body segment

Question 12

Stroke sensory loss reference

Answer 12

• somatosensory deficits are common following strokes 60% of patients present with sensory deficits (Schabrun & Hillier 2009)

Question 13

stroke sensation deficit

Answer 13

• stocking/ glove distribution distal areas
• may present with complete hemisensory loss in a large stroke or if internal capsule/primary somatosensory cortex is invloved
• total anaesthesia e.g. thalamic infarct

Question 14

patients with communication difficulties - assessing sensation

Answer 14

• sitting on hand
• oblivious abnormal posturing of arm
• hitting arn against objects without realising
• misjudging doorways
• brusining
• injuries- cuts, scalds

Question 15

method of assessing sensation

Answer 15

nottingham sensory assessment