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Semester Test Flashcards

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1
Q

War that broke out between Sparta and Athens in 431 BC and lasted 27 years

A

Peloponnesian war

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2
Q

Series of conflicts between Greece and Persia the lasted until 479 BC

A

Persian war

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3
Q

New era of cultural process in 400 BC (Athens was symbol of this)

A

Greek golden age

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4
Q

One of the most important thinkers of the new era that taught education was key to personal growth. Executed for being falsely accused him of denying the existence of many Greek gods

A

Socrates

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5
Q

Wealthy young aristocrat and the greatest of socrates students. Believed that all material things were in perfect expressions of perfect and universal ideas. Founded in academy in Athens for teaching philosophy; believed in Aristocracy, Government ruled by upper class

A

Plato

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6
Q

One of Plato students and believed that every field of knowledge had to be studied logically. Wanted to combine the best of all three types of government to create a limited democracy

A

Aristotle

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7
Q

Became king in 359 BC. He reunited and united the best disciplined army in Macedonian history. With the victory of defeating Thebes and Athens, he united grease under his rule. Assassinated in 336 BC

A

Phillip of Macedon

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8
Q

Six seated his father fill up and was strong and brave. Trained in the Macedonia an army and learned from Aristotle. Conquered a lot of territory. He became ill and died in 323 BC

A

Alexander the great

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9
Q

A new “Greek like” Way of life spread by the reign of Alexander the great. Combined ideas and values drawn from the Mediterranean and Asia

A

Hellenistic

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10
Q

Located in a valley and was surrounded by walls for defense. High militarized society. They had two kings

A

Sparta

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11
Q

Located on the peninsula and had the Acropolis

A

Athens

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12
Q

Darius’s son and he attempted to conquer the Greek mainland. He came up against 300 Spartans at the battle of Thermopylae which gave the rest of the Greek army time to prepare

A

Xerxes

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13
Q

Lost to the Greeks at the battle of marathon

A

Darius

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14
Q

Achieve peace of mind by excepting that all knowledge is certain

A

Skepticism

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15
Q

Founded by zero, divine reason directs their world. Each person has a divine spark within and they must follow the spark. People should except their fate

A

Stoicism

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16
Q

Dynasties were established here by Cyrus the great in 550 BC

A

Persia

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17
Q

Chief executives

A

Consuls

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18
Q

Elected Roman officials who helped the consuls

A

Praetors

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19
Q

Registered citizens according to their well, appointed candidates to the Senate, and oversaw the moral conduct of all citizens

A

Censors

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20
Q

Powerful landowners who controlled the government

A

Patricians

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21
Q

Mainly farmers and workers who made up most of the population

A

Plebeians

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22
Q

Three costly conflicts

A

Punic wars

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23
Q

Mean rule of three and it was a political alliance formed by Cesar, gnaeus Pompey, and Licinius Crassus

A

First triumvirate

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24
Q

Octavian, Anthony, and Lepidus

A

Second triumvirate

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25
Q

Julius Caesar’s grand nephew was chose as Caesars heir

A

Octavian

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26
Q

General and ally of Caesars who drove out the conspirators and took control in Rome

A

Mark Antony

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27
Q

Nephew of Maryes and was a powerful public speaker who became a general and spent money to win support

A

Julius Caesar

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28
Q

The conspirators killed Caesar in the Senate

A

March 15, 44 BC

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29
Q

Bridge like structures that carry water from the mountains

A

Aqueducts

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30
Q

Supported Christianity after receiving a vision the day before his victory over his rival for emperor. Created a new capital city called Constantinople and he died in AD 337

A

Constantine

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31
Q

Series of social changes which gave the common people ( plebeians ) more power from the wealthy ( patrician )

A

Conflict of the orders

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32
Q

The last good emperor died, inflation increased, constant fighting. Emperors attempt reform

A

Fall of the Western Roman empire

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33
Q

Elected officials

A

Magistrates

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34
Q

Conspirators killed him in the Senate because his ambition and popularity

A

Assassination of Caesar

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35
Q

Helped to strengthen army by keeping peace

A

Roman military

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36
Q

Passed all legislation

A

Roman assembly

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37
Q

Rome was founded by them. Say the story of what happened

A

Romulus and Remus; Remus was killed and Romulus got all the power

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38
Q

Moved into west central Italy in Latium Annville villages along Tiber river

A

Latina

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39
Q

Most influential and powerful of the three governing bodies. Controlled public funds and decided foreign-policy and sometimes proposed a citizen would become dictator

A

Roman Senate

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40
Q

Was what had been the eastern Roman empire. Justinian pushed for revival of this empire

A

Byzantine Empire

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41
Q

Let the Byzantines in a revival. His accomplishment made this one of the greatest period In byzantine history

A

Justinian

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42
Q

Helped push for women’s rights

A

Theodora

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43
Q

Helped crush a revolt in Constantinople

A

Belisarius

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44
Q

Laws of the Roman empire that was organized in four parts (code, digest, Institute, novellae)

A

Justinian code

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45
Q

Chemical weapons that was sprayed or thrown onto enemies ships that burst into flames

A

Greek fire

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46
Q

Between people who believed in icons and people who didn’t

A

Iconoclastic controversy

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47
Q

Small pictures or designs made of small pieces of stone or glass

A

Mosaic

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48
Q

Region created by Mohammed

A

Islam

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49
Q

Holy book of Islam

A

Quran

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50
Q

Mohammed’s successor and he brought Arabic tribes together and helped spread Islam

A

Abu Bakr

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51
Q

Founder of the Islamic religion and was given the message of Islam by the angel Gabriel

A

Mohammed

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52
Q

Kiev prospered because of the location and rich trade route

A

Kievan Russia

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53
Q

When the Christian church split, kievans started to follow his church

A

Eastern orthodox church

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54
Q

Sent observers to Christian church services in several places. Converted to Christianity and wanted to marry Anna, sister of Byzantine Emperor. Had pagans statues destroyed

A

Vladimir the first

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55
Q

Controlled kievan Russia until late 80 1400. Influence Slavic society

A

Mongols

56
Q

Became major Russian principality. Gained independence from Mongols

A

Moscow

57
Q

Where Mohammed was born

A

Mecca

58
Q

“City of the prophet” used to be known as Yathrib

A

Medina

59
Q

Name the five pillars of Islam

A

The profession of faith – there is no God but Allah
The five daily prayers – facing Mecca and washing
Paying Zakat- tax to help the poor
Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan – can’t eat until sunset
Make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once – pray and perform rituals to remember Abraham

60
Q

Middle eastern and South Asian stories and folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic golden age

A

The thousand and one nights

61
Q

Pepin’s son and greatest of all Frankish kings. Wanted to build a new rome and helped spread church teachings and Christian believes. Granted title of holy Roman Emperor

A

Charlemagne

62
Q

When lords govern a small area. Noble would grant land to a lower person. Vassal provides security and protection

A

Feudalism

63
Q

Person who received the feif

A

Vassal

64
Q

Code of conduct for knights, way of life for wealthy

A

Chivalry

65
Q

Document protecting liberties of the Nobles. Allow people to have some power which limited Kings power and kings had to except overthrow

A

Magna Carta

66
Q

Self-sufficient system where the Lords land is farmed by his serfs

A

Manor system

67
Q

Catholic churches punishment of the region involving closing churches and withholding sacraments

A

Interdict

68
Q

Appointment of bishops by temporal rulers

A

Lay investiture

69
Q

First Norman king of England and shaped the feudal system

A

William of Normandy

70
Q

Divided the Carolingian empire into three kingdoms among the three surviving sons of Louis the pious, the son and successor of Charlemagne

A

Treaty of verdun

71
Q

King, queen, church officials, lords, knights, Serfs

A

Hierarchy of feudalism

72
Q

Pope, Cardinals, archbishop, Bishop, priest, Deacon

A

Hierarchy of the church

73
Q

Muslim people from central Asia and gained control of Palestine or the holy land

A

Turks

74
Q

Called on by Byzantine Emperor to help after the turks threatened Constantinople

A

Urban the second

75
Q

Europeans captured Jerusalem and Slaughtered the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants

A

First crusade

76
Q

Louis the seventh and Conrad the third led the Christian forces and failed

A

Second Crusade

77
Q

Richard made truce with Saladin which allowed Christians to enter Jerusalem freely

A

Third Crusade

78
Q

Children died and crusade ended with the fall of acre , The last Christian city

A

Children’s Crusade

79
Q

Muslim leader that gained control of Jerusalem

A

Saladin

80
Q

Italian cities became trading centers and ships from the cities carried Crusaders to the holy land. It died because of middle ages but then Rose again because of the crusades because they wanted Asian goods

A

Trade

81
Q

Goods and services exchange for other goods and services

A

Barter economy

82
Q

System of manufacturing developed during middle ages that took place in workers homes

A

Domestic system

83
Q

Freedom – became free after living somewhere for our year and a day
Exemption – became free from working on the manor
Town justice – towns had own courts and citizens tried cases involving towns people
Commercial privileges – sells goods freely on town market

A

Rights of towns people

84
Q

Sole right to trade in each town

A

Merchant

85
Q

Set rules for wages, hours, and working conditions

A

Craft Guild

86
Q

Boys parents paid a master so they could be trained to be this

A

Apprentice

87
Q

Skilled worker who was paid wages by a master

A

Journeyman

88
Q

Merchants and master workers. Between nobles and peasants

A

Middle class

89
Q

Tried to gain control of Italy and ruled Germany. Destroyed Mikan Let cities govern them

A

Frederick Barabossa

90
Q

Plague that swept through Europe and killed one third of Europe. Black rats carried this disease

A

Black death

91
Q

People with little education spoke this every day

A

Vernacular

92
Q

Series of conflicts between England and France and lasted 116 years

A

Hundred years war

93
Q

War for the English throne between the house of York and Lancaster. Lancaster won and Henry tudor became king

A

War of the roses

94
Q

Helped untie France and helped push English out

A

Joan of arc

95
Q

German trading cities join together to form this league and increased trade in north Western Europe

A

Hanseatic league

96
Q

Important trading center. Meeting point for trade routes. Fine woolen cloth was made here

A

Flanders

97
Q

Crusaders captured it and brought much of the holy land under European control

A

Jerusalem

98
Q

After Boniface died, Philip had a French bishop elected pope and Clement the fifth moved headquarters of church to Avignon, France where the Popes lived for years (60)

A

Babylonian captivity

99
Q

Trading center in northern Europe and is now known as Ukraine

A

Kiev

100
Q

And Italy became a training center and was a go to between for traders from Asia and Northern Europe

A

Venice

101
Q

Cardinals elected to Popes – one Italian and one French – and then the church divided between two people. Council of Constantine removed both popes and elected a new Italian pope

A

Great schism

102
Q

Rebirth and was a philosophical and artistic movement and the era when the movement flourished

A

Renaissance

103
Q

Florentine diplomat and historian. Considered a humanist because he looked to the ancient Romans as models

A

Machiavelli

104
Q

Master of renaissance art and wrote poetry (sistine chapel)

A

Michelangelo

105
Q

Architect, painter, scientist. Painted Mona Lisa and last supper

A

Da Vinci

106
Q

Started Lutheranism and taught that ceremonies and good deeds made no difference in saving a center. Nailed 95 thesis to church doors about indulgences

A

Martin Luther

107
Q

Invented printing press and used it to make copies of the Bible

A

Johannes Gutenberg

108
Q

Religious revolution that split up the church in Western Europe

A

Re-formation

109
Q

Caused break between England and Roman catholic church – began Anglican Church so he could get a divorce with Catherine of Aragon

A

Henry VIII

110
Q

Founded a protestant church. Carried on work of Zwingli . Emphasized predestination – in beginning God decided who would be saved

A

John Calvin

111
Q

Defined the official church position on matters of doctrine. Decided to end indulgences, ceremonies were needed, people were dependent on priest, and God granted forgiveness only through church

A

Council of Trent

112
Q

Italian scholars turn to classical Greek and Roman literature to study grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric

A

Humanities

113
Q

Luther touched a deep desire among people in Europe for simpler, more direct religious faith

A

Protestantism

114
Q

Monk that was sent to raise funds in German states. Ask people to buy indulgences

A

Tetzel

115
Q

People began to use experiments and mathematics to understand mysteries

A

Scientific revolution

116
Q

Experiments and mathematical calculations to verify the results of experiments

A

Scientific method

117
Q

Argued that the universe was not geocentric. Created heliocentric Siri that said the solar system rotated around the sun

A

Copernicus

118
Q

Used the math and models to prove Copernicus’s ideas

A

Kepler

119
Q

Created telescope and believed the heavenly body revolved around earth

A

Galileo

120
Q

Pioneered the study of anatomy and did his own studies to see how the human body was conducted

A

Vesalius

121
Q

Discovered the Pacific ocean

A

Balboa

122
Q

Invaded montezuma aztec empires and controlled much of Mexico

A

Hernan Cortes

123
Q

First European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope

A

DIas

124
Q

Has ships Nina, pita, and Santa Maria. Wanted to find a new way to Asia by sailing west word. Thought he discovered island in India but was really America

A

Columbus

125
Q

First European to sail to India

A

Da gama

126
Q

Agreement between Spain and Portugal that moved the west line determining the land each country to claim in the Atlantic

A

Treaty of Tordesillas

127
Q

Made trip across Atlantic. Didn’t think land was part of Asia and America is named after him

A

Amerigo Vespucci

128
Q

Crew made first trip around globe and led an expedition around the southern tip of South America. Proved balboa correct about Pacific Ocean

A

Magellan

129
Q

Conquered Incan Empire

A

Francisco Pizarro

130
Q

Developed theory of universal gravitation

A

Newton

131
Q

Coins with fixed values begin to appear which allowed constant system of exchange

A

Commercial revolution

132
Q

Business organization developed during the commercial revolution in which owners raised money by selling stock in the company

A

Joint stock company

133
Q

Theory stating there’s a fixed amount of wealth in the world in order to receive a larger share one country has to take wealth away from another country

A

Mercantilism

134
Q

System of trade involving three stages and one was the trans Atlantic slave trade

A

Triangular trade

135
Q

Known as Prince Henry and hope to find gold for Portugal

A

Henry the navigator

136
Q

Attempted to invade Protestant England

A

Spanish Armada

World History (8 decks)

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