Semester 1 Final

Question 1

anatomy is to _________ as physiology is to ____________

Answer 1

structure

function

Question 2

the smallest stable units of matter

Answer 2

atoms

Question 3

the atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of

Answer 3

protons

Question 4

the chemical behavior of an atom is determined by

Answer 4

ratio of protons to electrons

Question 5

if a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, this occurs

Answer 5

polar covalent bond

Question 6

the most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body

Answer 6

glucose

Question 7

an amino acid is to a protein as _________ is to a nucleic acid

Answer 7

nucleotide

Question 8

a nucleotide consists of

Answer 8

phosphate group
5-carbon sugar
base

Question 9

the most abundant high-energy compound in cells

Answer 9

ATP (adenine triphosphate)

Question 10

oxygen is required in biological systems for

Answer 10

metabolism

Question 11

the smallest living unit within the human body

Answer 11

cell

Question 12

three terms used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium

Answer 12

plasma membrane
cell membrane
plasmalemma

Question 13

four main tissue categories

Answer 13

epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous

Question 14

basic shapes of epithelial cells include

Answer 14

squamous
simple
stratified

Question 15

the epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as

Answer 15

simple squamous

Question 16

transitional epithelium is found

Answer 16

lining the urinary bladder

Question 17

connective tissue fibers are produced mainly by

Answer 17

collagen

Question 18

cells that store fat

Answer 18

adipocytes

Question 19

the dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue

Answer 19

collagen

Question 20

type of cell that makes up almost half the volume of blood

Answer 20

ethrocyte

Question 21

chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to

Answer 21

osteoblasts

Question 22

the most common type of cartilage

Answer 22

hyaline

Question 23

osseous tissue is also called

Answer 23

bone

Question 24

the muscle tissue that shows no striations

Answer 24

smooth muscle

Question 25

type of cells and tissue that form the strata in the epidermis

Answer 25

keratinocytes

Question 26

layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis

Answer 26

stratum germinative

Question 27

the tough “horny” superficial layer of the epidermis

Answer 27

stratum corneum

Question 28

an albino individual lacks the ability to produce

Answer 28

melanin

Question 29

glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles

Answer 29

sebaceous glands

Question 30

the _______ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty

Answer 30

apocrine

Question 31

earwax is produced by

Answer 31

ceruminous glands

Question 32

the highest concentration of merocrine sweat glands is found in

Answer 32

water
salt
organic compounds

Question 33

an important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight

Answer 33

vitamin D

Question 34

when the arrector pili muscles contract,

Answer 34

hair stands up / “goosebumps”

Question 35

stretch marks occur when

Answer 35

excessive stretching- pregnancy, weight gain

Question 36

the protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin

Answer 36

elastic fibers

Question 37

the primary pigments contained in the epidermis

Answer 37

carotene

melanin