Semester 1 Final Flashcards
anatomy is to _________ as physiology is to ____________
structure
function
the smallest stable units of matter
atoms
the atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of
protons
the chemical behavior of an atom is determined by
ratio of protons to electrons
if a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, this occurs
polar covalent bond
the most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body
glucose
an amino acid is to a protein as _________ is to a nucleic acid
nucleotide
a nucleotide consists of
phosphate group
5-carbon sugar
base
the most abundant high-energy compound in cells
ATP (adenine triphosphate)
oxygen is required in biological systems for
metabolism
the smallest living unit within the human body
cell
three terms used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium
plasma membrane
cell membrane
plasmalemma
four main tissue categories
epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous
basic shapes of epithelial cells include
squamous
simple
stratified
the epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as
simple squamous
transitional epithelium is found
lining the urinary bladder
connective tissue fibers are produced mainly by
collagen
cells that store fat
adipocytes
the dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue
collagen
type of cell that makes up almost half the volume of blood
ethrocyte
chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to
osteoblasts
the most common type of cartilage
hyaline
osseous tissue is also called
bone
the muscle tissue that shows no striations
smooth muscle
type of cells and tissue that form the strata in the epidermis
keratinocytes
layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis
stratum germinative
the tough “horny” superficial layer of the epidermis
stratum corneum
an albino individual lacks the ability to produce
melanin
glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles
sebaceous glands
the _______ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty
apocrine
earwax is produced by
ceruminous glands
the highest concentration of merocrine sweat glands is found in
water
salt
organic compounds
an important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight
vitamin D
when the arrector pili muscles contract,
hair stands up / “goosebumps”
stretch marks occur when
excessive stretching- pregnancy, weight gain
the protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin
elastic fibers
the primary pigments contained in the epidermis
carotene
melanin