Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human A&P > Chapter 3 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

these are duplicates during the S phase

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a special type of cell division performed by reproductive cells to reduce chromosome number

A

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

this organelle synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates

A

SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

these cell projections increase surface area for increased membrane transport

A

microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

another name for the cell membrane

A

plasmalemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

this organelle digests foreign material

A

lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the genetically programmed death of cells

A

apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

this term is used to describe the shrinking of red blood cells in a hypertonic solution

A

crenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in this solution, cells absorb water and swell (ex: after you stay in the pool too long)

A

hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

smallest living unit within the human body

A

cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

process of protein formation directed by mRNA

A

translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

part of the cytoskeleton used to move chromosomes during cell division

A

microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

makes up microtubules

A

tubulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mRNA is needed to synthesize these in the cytoplasm

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

makes most of the ATO required to power cellular operations

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

these are the functional units of DNA that contain instructions for making one or more proteins

A

genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

proteins in the cytosine that accelerate metabolic reactions

A

enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

an alternative term for a tumor

A

neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in order to maintain cellular homeostasis, an exchange pump ejects ______ ions from the cell and imports ______ ions

A

sodium; potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the intake of small membrane vesicles from the extracellular fluid

A

endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

process by which molecules move along concentration gradients with the help of membrane-bound carrier proteins

A

facilitated diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

this bilayer composes the plasma membrane

A

phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes

A

RER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a process that requires cellular energy to move substances against the concentration gradient

A

active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the specialization process in which cells become limited in the range of proteins that can be made as genes are functionally eliminated

A

differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

these organelles form mitotic spindles to move chromosomes during mitosis

A

centrioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

proteins found here anchor the cell, serve as receptors, allow cells to be recognized, and act as enzymes

A

plasma membrane

28
Q

this term is used to describe the bursting of red blood cells in a hypotonic solution

A

hemolysis

29
Q

sodium and potassium are the two most important ____ in body fluids

A

cations

30
Q

a type of division used to produce somatic cells

A

mitosis

31
Q

three nucleotides in mRNA that code for a specific amino acid

A

codon

32
Q

DNA is located here

A

nucleus

33
Q

this organelle renews the cell membrane and modified and packages proteins for secretion

A

golgi

34
Q

this cell component supports and moves organelles, controls cell shape, and provides cell strength

A

cytoskeleton

35
Q

movement of a molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

A

diffusion

36
Q

the anticodon for UCA

A

AGU

37
Q

makes up microfilaments

A

actin

38
Q

the type of nucleic acid that can leave the nucleus with vital information about protein structure

A

mRNA

39
Q

organelles that absorb and neutralize drugs and toxins

A

peroxisomes

40
Q

components of ribosomes are formed here

A

nucleoli

41
Q

during mitosis, chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes during this phase

A

anaphase

42
Q

the stage in the cells life cycle in which cell performs its normal functions and prepares for division

A

interphase

43
Q

this term is used to describe how cancer cells may spread

A

metastasis

44
Q

the major components of the cell membrane

A

phospholipids
proteins
glycolipids
cholesterol

45
Q

most of the communication between the interior and exterior of the cell occurs by

A

integral protein channels

46
Q

because of its chemical-structural composition, the cell membrane is called a

A

phospholipid bilayer

47
Q

approximately 95 percent of the energy needed to keep a cell alive is generated by the activity of the

A

mitochondria

48
Q

nucleoli are nuclear organelles that

A

synthesize the components of ribosomes

49
Q

the three major functions of endoplasmic reticulum are

A

synthesis
storage
transport

50
Q

the functions of the golgi apparatus include

A

synthesis
storage
alteration
packaging

51
Q

the major factor that allows the nucleus to control cellular operations is through its

A

regulation of protein synthesis

52
Q

ribosomal protein and RNA are produced primarily in the

A

nucleolus

53
Q

along the length of the DNA strand, information is stored in the sequence of

A

nitrogen bases

54
Q

a sequence of three nitrogen bases can specify the identity of

A

a single amino acid

55
Q

the process in which RNA polymerase uses the genetic information to assemble a strand of mRNA

A

transcription

56
Q

if the DNA triples is TAG, the corresponding codon on the mRNA strand will be

A

AUC

57
Q

the transport process that requires the presence of specialized integral membrane protein

A

carrier-mediated transport

58
Q

ions and other small water-soluble materials cross the cell membrane only by passing through

A

a channel protein

59
Q

all transport through the cell membrane can be classified as either

A

active or passive

60
Q

the mechanism by which glucose can enter the cytoplasm without expending ATP is via

A

a carrier protein

61
Q

is osmosis, water flows across a membrane toward the solution that has the

A

higher concentration of solutes

62
Q

the transmembrane potential results from the

A

unequal distribution of ions

63
Q

the process of mitosis begins when cell enters the

A

M phase

64
Q

the four stages of mitosis in correct sequence are

A

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

65
Q

at the chromosome level, the number of cell divisions performed by a cell and its descendants is regulated by structures called

A

telomeres

66
Q

the spreading process of a primary tumor is called ________ and the dispersion of malignant cells to establish a secondary tumor is called ________

A

invasion, metastasis

67
Q

the process of differentiation is cell specialization as a result of

A

gene activation or repression

Human A&P (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions