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Human A&P > Chapter 2 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

a fatty acid that contains two or more double covalent bonds

A

polyunsaturated

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2
Q

when atoms complete their outer electron shell by sharing electrons

A

covalent bonds

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3
Q

weak bond between polar molecules such as water

A

hydrogen

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4
Q

smallest stable units of matter

A

atoms

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5
Q

a side chain on an amino acid

A

R group

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6
Q

a pH of 1 is found here in the body

A

stomach

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7
Q

this molecule is the backbone of a triglyceride molecule

A

glycerol

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8
Q

during ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a salt to produce a mixture of ions which carry a current called

A

electrolytes

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9
Q

this number is the number of protons and neutrons

A

mass number

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10
Q

the chemical behavior of an atom is determined by

A

electrons

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11
Q

a polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose

A

glycogen

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12
Q

if a substance has a pH that is greater than 7

A

alkaline

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13
Q

isotopes of an element differ in the number of

A

neutrons

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14
Q

carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are classified as

A

organic

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15
Q

which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a pH of 4?

A

pH of 4

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16
Q

substrate molecules bind to enzymes at

A

active sites

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17
Q

bonds formed when on cations and anions attract one another

A

ionic

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18
Q

radioisotopes have unstable

A

nuclei

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19
Q

these molecules cushion organs, help insulate the body, provide 2x the energy as carbohydrates, and are needed for cell membrane production

A

lipids

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20
Q

neutral pH

A

7

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21
Q

the most abundant high-energy compound in cells

A

ATP

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22
Q

an amino acid is to protein as _____ is to a nucleic acid

A

nucleotide

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23
Q

responsible for much of the mass of the human body, had high heat capacity, dissolved many substances and is composed of polar hydrogen bonded molecules

A

water

24
Q

adenine and guanine are

A

purines

25
Q

the atomic number of an atom is determined by

A

number of protons it has

26
Q

oxygen is required in biological systems for

A

metabolism

27
Q

level of protein folding in which separate polypeptide subunits interact

A

quaternary

28
Q

according to the rules of complementary bases pairing in nucleic acids, cytosine would pair with the base ______

A

guanine

29
Q

the most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body

A

glucose

30
Q

the body’s most readily available source of energy

A

carbohydrates

31
Q

the innermost electron shell in an atom holds up ___ electrons

A

two

32
Q

the alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of _____ protein structure

A

secondary

33
Q

chemical reactions that yield energy, such as heat, are said to be _______

A

exergonic

34
Q

-NH2

A

amine

35
Q

in this reaction, molecules lose water during synthesis

A

dehydration

36
Q

ions with a + charge are called

A

cation

37
Q

molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called

A

isomers

38
Q

AB -> A + B is to decomposition as A + B -> AB is to ________

A

synthesis

39
Q

you would expect a peptide bond to link _______

A

amino acids

40
Q

proteins that function as biological catalysts

A

enzymes

41
Q

if a pair of electrons is unequally shared between to atoms, a _______ bond occurs

A

polar covalent bond

42
Q

three subatomic particles that are constituents of atoms

A

protons, neutrons, electrons

43
Q

the protons of an atom are only found

A

in the nucleus

44
Q

the unequal sharing of electrons in a molecule of water is an example of

A

a polar covalent bond

45
Q

the presence of an appropriate enzyme affects only the

A

rate of a reaction

46
Q

organic catalysts made by a living cell to promote a specific reaction

A

enzymes

47
Q

the four major classes of organic compounds

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

48
Q

absolute that dissociates to release hydrogen ions and causes a decrease in pH

A

acid

49
Q

a carbohydrate molecule is made up of

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

50
Q

the lipids that function as chemical messengers coordinating local cellular activities

A

eicosanoids

51
Q

the lipids absorbed from food or synthesized in cells

A

fatty acids

52
Q

special proteins that speed up metabolic reactions

A

enzymes

53
Q

the three basic components of a single nucleotide of a nucleic acid

A

sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

54
Q

the most important high-energy compound found in human cells

A

ATP

55
Q

three components required to create the high-energy compound ATP

A

adenosine, phosphate groups, appropriate enzymes

56
Q

biochemical building blocks form functional units called

A

cells

Human A&P (14 decks)

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