Chapter 13

Question 1

outer layer of spinal cord

Answer 1

dura mater

Question 2

middle meningeal layer

Answer 2

arachnoid mater

Question 3

inner meningeal layer

Answer 3

pia mater

Question 4

the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater are collectively called the

Answer 4

meningeal layers

Question 5

found in the dorsal root ganglia

Answer 5

cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 6

type of fibers found in dorsal root

Answer 6

sensory neurons

Question 7

types of fibers found in ventral root

Answer 7

motor neurons

Question 8

bundles that form from the joining of the dorsal root and the ventral root

Answer 8

spinal nerves

Question 9

two types of fibers found in spinal nerves

Answer 9

sensory and motor

Question 10

surrounds outer spinal nerves

Answer 10

epinerium

Question 11

surrounds fascicles

Answer 11

perineurium

Question 12

surrounds individual axons

Answer 12

endoneurium

Question 13

where is cerebral spinal fluid found

Answer 13

subarachnoid space

Question 14

withdraws CSF

Answer 14

lumbar puncture/spinal tap

Question 15

viral or bacterial infection of meninges

Answer 15

meningitis

Question 16

bilateral region of the skin, monitored by specific pair of spinal nerves

Answer 16

dermatome

Question 17

caused by varicella-zoster virus

Answer 17

shingles

Question 18

complex, interwoven network of nerve fibers that controls skeletal muscles

Answer 18

nerve plexus

Question 19

four spinal plexus

Answer 19

cervical
brachial
lumbar
sacral

Question 20

nerve that innervates the diaphragm and allows you to breathe by stimulating the diaphragm

Answer 20

phrenic nerve

Question 21

where the phrenic nerve originates in the spinal cord

Answer 21

C3, C4, C5

Question 22

basic neural reflexes, formed before birth

Answer 22

innate reflexes

Question 23

triggered by sudden elongation of tendons

Answer 23

stretch reflexes

Question 24

example of a stretch reflex

Answer 24

patellar

Question 25

develop too much tension and keeps tendons from breaking

Answer 25

tendon reflex

Question 26

withdrawal reflex (ex: grab hot pan)

Answer 26

flexor reflex

Question 27

how does a crossed extensor reflex complement a flexor reflex

Answer 27

axons responding to pain cross to other side of spinal cord to control muscles on opposite side

Question 28

curling of toes on adult foot

Answer 28

plantar reflex

Question 29

fanning of toes on infants

Answer 29

Babinski reflex

Question 30

if an adult displays the Babinski reflex, this is suspected

Answer 30

higher center or descending tract is damaged

Question 31

moves a limb away from a painful stimulus

Answer 31

flexor reflex

Question 32

prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension

Answer 32

tendon reflex

Question 33

important in regulating muscle length, activated when a skeletal muscle lengthens

Answer 33

stretch reflex

Question 34

what is not true about Babinski reflex?

Answer 34

plantar changes to Babinski by age 2

Question 35

what reflex complements the flexor reflex by activating contralateral muscles

Answer 35

crosses extensor