Chapter 5 Review Flashcards
the layers of the epidermis beginning with the deepest layer and proceeding outwardly
germinativum
spinosum
granulosum
corneum
layers of epidermis where mitotic divisions occur
germinativum and spinosum
the epidermis consists of a
stratified squamous epithelium
epidermal cells in the strata spinosum and germinativum function as a chemical factory in that they can convert
steroid precursors to vitamin D when exposed to sunlight
differences in skin color between individuals reflect distinct
levels of melanin synthesis
the basic factors interacting to produce skin color are
circulatory supple and pigment concentration and composition
excessive exposure of the skin to UV radiation may cause redness, edema, blisters, and pain. the presence of blisters classifies the burn as
second degree
when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, epidermal cells in the stratum germinativum convert a cholesterol related steroid into
vitamin D3
the hormone essential for the normal absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the small intestine is
calcitrol
the two major components of the dermis
papillary and reticular
what the dermis contains to communicate with other organ systems
nerve fibers
special smooth muscles in the dermis that produce goosebumps
arrector pili
the primary tissues compromising the subcutaneous layer
areolar and adipose
the reason the subcutaneous layer is useful for subcutaneous injection by hypodermic needle is that it has a
limited number of capillaries and no vital organs
an important function of the subcutaneous layer is to
stabilize the position of the skin in relation to underlying tissues
hair production occurs in the
reticular layers of the dermis
the natural factor responsible for varying shades of hair color
type of pigment present
accessory structures of the skin include
hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands
when the body temperature becomes high, thermoregulatory homeostasis is maintained by
an increase in sweat gland activity and blood flow to the skin
nail production occurs at an epithelial fold not visible from the surface called
nail root
hair turns gray or white due to
decreased melanocyte activity
the primary interaction between the integumentary system and the digestive system
digestive synthesizes vitamin D3
the first line of defense against an often hostile environment
epidermis
layer where cells are flattened, densely packed, and filled with eleidin
stratum lucidum
keratin would be found primarily in the
stratum coreum
mobile macrophages that are a part of the immune system and found scattered among deeper cells of the epidermis
Langerhans cells
peptide secreted by the pituitary gland which darkens the skin
MSH
pigment that absorbs ultraviolet radiation before it can damage mitochondrial DNA
melanin
bone development is abnormal and bone maintenance is inadequate if there is a dietary deficiency or a lack of skin production of
cholecalciferol
stimulating synthetic activity and secretion by epithelial cells is among roles of
EGF
type of tissue that compromises most of the dermis
connective
subcutaneous layer is extensively interwoven with the connective tissue fibers of the
reticular layer
the fine peach fuzz hairs found over much of the body surface
arrector pili
hair develops from a group of epidermal cells at the base of a tube-like depression called
follicle
variations in hair color reflect differences in structure and variations in the pigment produced by
melanocytes
secretion that lubricates and inhibits the growth of bacteria on the skin
sebum
glands in skin that become active when body temperature rises above the normal
eccrine glands
sweat glands that communicate with hair follicles
apocrine
the stratum corneum that covers the exposed nail closest to the root
eponychium
during a sustained reduction in circulatory supply the skin takes on a bluish coloration called
cyanosis
essential part of the healing process during which the edges of a wound are pulled closer together
contraction
in older adults dry and scaly skin is a result of a decrease in
grandular activity
system that stimulates contraction of arrector pili muscles to elevate hairs of the integument
nervous system
two layers of the cutaneous membrane
outer epidermis
inner epidermis
difference between thick and thin skin
stratum lucidum in thick skin
thick skin has _____ layers and thin has ______ and is missing _______
5
4; stratum lucidum
cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system
Langerhans cells
function of pigment melanin
protects skin from UV
function of sebaceous glands
produce sebum
ABCDE of skin cancer
assymetry border color diameter evolving
function of sebum
lubricate the epidermis
function of ceruminous glands
earwax
rockets is caused by
insufficient amount of D3
abrasion
when bleeding occurs
laceration
cut with jagged edges
contusion
damage in blood vessels resulting in bruising
dermatitis
inflammation of skin
ulcer
sure that won’t heal due to lack of O2
nail body covers the
nail bed
keratinized skin called the cuticle is also called
eponychium
this makes goosebumps
arrector pili
first degree burn
redness of skin
second degree burn
blisters, dermis, damage, scarring
third degree burn
into hypodermics and muscle bone, skin graph
partial-thickness burn
1 or 2 degree burn
full thickness burn means
3 degree burn, requires skin graph
protein that permits stretching and recoiling of skin
elastin
stretch marks occur with
weight gain or pregnancy
result of large mass of collages fibers with few blood vessels
scar tissue
wrinkles are caused by
loss of elastic fibers
if the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed
hair will never grow back
caused by severe reduction in blood flow or oxygenation, bluish skin tint
cyanosis
buildup of bile produced by liver, yellow color
jaundice
