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human a&p > Chapter 5 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Review Flashcards

1
Q

the layers of the epidermis beginning with the deepest layer and proceeding outwardly

A

germinativum
spinosum
granulosum
corneum

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2
Q

layers of epidermis where mitotic divisions occur

A

germinativum and spinosum

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3
Q

the epidermis consists of a

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

epidermal cells in the strata spinosum and germinativum function as a chemical factory in that they can convert

A

steroid precursors to vitamin D when exposed to sunlight

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5
Q

differences in skin color between individuals reflect distinct

A

levels of melanin synthesis

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6
Q

the basic factors interacting to produce skin color are

A

circulatory supple and pigment concentration and composition

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7
Q

excessive exposure of the skin to UV radiation may cause redness, edema, blisters, and pain. the presence of blisters classifies the burn as

A

second degree

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8
Q

when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, epidermal cells in the stratum germinativum convert a cholesterol related steroid into

A

vitamin D3

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9
Q

the hormone essential for the normal absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the small intestine is

A

calcitrol

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10
Q

the two major components of the dermis

A

papillary and reticular

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11
Q

what the dermis contains to communicate with other organ systems

A

nerve fibers

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12
Q

special smooth muscles in the dermis that produce goosebumps

A

arrector pili

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13
Q

the primary tissues compromising the subcutaneous layer

A

areolar and adipose

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14
Q

the reason the subcutaneous layer is useful for subcutaneous injection by hypodermic needle is that it has a

A

limited number of capillaries and no vital organs

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15
Q

an important function of the subcutaneous layer is to

A

stabilize the position of the skin in relation to underlying tissues

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16
Q

hair production occurs in the

A

reticular layers of the dermis

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17
Q

the natural factor responsible for varying shades of hair color

A

type of pigment present

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18
Q

accessory structures of the skin include

A

hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands

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19
Q

when the body temperature becomes high, thermoregulatory homeostasis is maintained by

A

an increase in sweat gland activity and blood flow to the skin

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20
Q

nail production occurs at an epithelial fold not visible from the surface called

A

nail root

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21
Q

hair turns gray or white due to

A

decreased melanocyte activity

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22
Q

the primary interaction between the integumentary system and the digestive system

A

digestive synthesizes vitamin D3

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23
Q

the first line of defense against an often hostile environment

A

epidermis

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24
Q

layer where cells are flattened, densely packed, and filled with eleidin

A

stratum lucidum

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25
Q

keratin would be found primarily in the

A

stratum coreum

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26
Q

mobile macrophages that are a part of the immune system and found scattered among deeper cells of the epidermis

A

Langerhans cells

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27
Q

peptide secreted by the pituitary gland which darkens the skin

A

MSH

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28
Q

pigment that absorbs ultraviolet radiation before it can damage mitochondrial DNA

A

melanin

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29
Q

bone development is abnormal and bone maintenance is inadequate if there is a dietary deficiency or a lack of skin production of

A

cholecalciferol

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30
Q

stimulating synthetic activity and secretion by epithelial cells is among roles of

A

EGF

31
Q

type of tissue that compromises most of the dermis

A

connective

32
Q

subcutaneous layer is extensively interwoven with the connective tissue fibers of the

A

reticular layer

33
Q

the fine peach fuzz hairs found over much of the body surface

A

arrector pili

34
Q

hair develops from a group of epidermal cells at the base of a tube-like depression called

A

follicle

35
Q

variations in hair color reflect differences in structure and variations in the pigment produced by

A

melanocytes

36
Q

secretion that lubricates and inhibits the growth of bacteria on the skin

A

sebum

37
Q

glands in skin that become active when body temperature rises above the normal

A

eccrine glands

38
Q

sweat glands that communicate with hair follicles

A

apocrine

39
Q

the stratum corneum that covers the exposed nail closest to the root

A

eponychium

40
Q

during a sustained reduction in circulatory supply the skin takes on a bluish coloration called

A

cyanosis

41
Q

essential part of the healing process during which the edges of a wound are pulled closer together

A

contraction

42
Q

in older adults dry and scaly skin is a result of a decrease in

A

grandular activity

43
Q

system that stimulates contraction of arrector pili muscles to elevate hairs of the integument

A

nervous system

44
Q

two layers of the cutaneous membrane

A

outer epidermis

inner epidermis

45
Q

difference between thick and thin skin

A

stratum lucidum in thick skin

46
Q

thick skin has _____ layers and thin has ______ and is missing _______

A

5

4; stratum lucidum

47
Q

cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system

A

Langerhans cells

48
Q

function of pigment melanin

A

protects skin from UV

49
Q

function of sebaceous glands

A

produce sebum

50
Q

ABCDE of skin cancer

A 
assymetry
border
color
diameter
evolving
51
Q

function of sebum

A

lubricate the epidermis

52
Q

function of ceruminous glands

A

earwax

53
Q

rockets is caused by

A

insufficient amount of D3

54
Q

abrasion

A

when bleeding occurs

55
Q

laceration

A

cut with jagged edges

56
Q

contusion

A

damage in blood vessels resulting in bruising

57
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of skin

58
Q

ulcer

A

sure that won’t heal due to lack of O2

59
Q

nail body covers the

A

nail bed

60
Q

keratinized skin called the cuticle is also called

A

eponychium

61
Q

this makes goosebumps

A

arrector pili

62
Q

first degree burn

A

redness of skin

63
Q

second degree burn

A

blisters, dermis, damage, scarring

64
Q

third degree burn

A

into hypodermics and muscle bone, skin graph

65
Q

partial-thickness burn

A

1 or 2 degree burn

66
Q

full thickness burn means

A

3 degree burn, requires skin graph

67
Q

protein that permits stretching and recoiling of skin

A

elastin

68
Q

stretch marks occur with

A

weight gain or pregnancy

69
Q

result of large mass of collages fibers with few blood vessels

A

scar tissue

70
Q

wrinkles are caused by

A

loss of elastic fibers

71
Q

if the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed

A

hair will never grow back

72
Q

caused by severe reduction in blood flow or oxygenation, bluish skin tint

A

cyanosis

73
Q

buildup of bile produced by liver, yellow color

A

jaundice

human a&p (14 decks)

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