Semester 1 Exam (multiple Choice) Flashcards

1
Q

What year was the constitution written

A

Written in 1787 took affect in 1788

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2
Q

What is the separation of powers

A

Assigns law making, law enforcing, and law interpreting to separate the branches of government

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3
Q

What was the original plan for how the president and vice president were selected

A

The person with the most votes is president and the person with the second most votes is vice president

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4
Q

What were the federalist papers

A

85 federalist papers which pushed to get the constitution ratified.

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5
Q

Main arguments of Brutus 1

A

The size of the us was too large for a strong and efficient government

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6
Q

What is federalism

A

Division of power between state and national government

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7
Q

dual federalism

A

National and state government are clearly separated (layer cake)

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8
Q

cooperative federalism

A

National and state government work together on forgiven policy (marble cake)

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9
Q

What are enumerated powers

A

Powers given to the national government that are listed in the constitution

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10
Q

Necessary and proper clause

A

Gives congress the rights to execute its powers

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11
Q

Commerce clause

A

Only congress can regulate commerce with other countries amongst several states

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12
Q

Fiscal federalism

A

The use of grants in aid to influence policy’s in states

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13
Q

How many senators are there

A

100

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14
Q

How many senators per state

A

2

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15
Q

How long is demerits term of office

A

6 years

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16
Q

How many house members are there

A

435

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17
Q

How many house members per state

A

Depends on population

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18
Q

How long is house members term of office

A

2 years

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19
Q

Who is the speaker of the house

A

mike Johnson

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20
Q

Senete majority leader

A

John thune

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21
Q

Chief justice of Supreme Court

A

John Roberts

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22
Q

Main author of Declaration of Independence

A

Thomas Jefferson

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23
Q

New Jersey plan

A

One chamber legislative, equal number of votes per state

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24
Q

Virginia plan

A

The legislative branch would have two houses, both decided by population of each state

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25
Q

Great compromise

A

Two chambers of congress, one based on population, the other had equal representation of all states

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26
Q

Under the electoral college, how many votes per state for president

A

Same as the sum of representatives + senators

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27
Q

Which clause speaks when state and National laws conflict

A

Supremacy clause

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28
Q

What year was constitution written

A

1787

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29
Q

What happens if no candidate revives a majority of electoral votes

A

House will choose the president

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30
Q

Original plan for how president and vice president were elected

A

Person with most votes in president, person with second most is vice president

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31
Q

How long is federal judges term and why

A

Lifetime due to separation of powers and to prevent influence from other branches

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32
Q

How are federal judges appointed

A

Appointed by president, confirmed by senate

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33
Q

What compromise was made reguardinv slavery in order to ratify the constitution

A

Three fifths compromise

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34
Q

What is the three fifths compromise

A

A slave counted as 3/5 of a person, fugitive slaves had to be returned. Slave trade cannot be illuminated for at least 20 years.

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35
Q

What are you called if your support the constitution and why did they support

A

You’re called a federalist, and they supported because they felt the government was too weak

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36
Q

Antifederalists

A

Opposed the constitution because they felt government is too strong and states would loose rights

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37
Q

Federalist papers

A

85 of them which pushed to get the constitution ratified

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38
Q

Federalist 10

A

Proposed government, it is not likely to be dominated by a faction

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39
Q

Federalist 51

A

Checks and balances and separation of powers would prevent Tyranny

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40
Q

Federalist 70

A

Stated that a single executive is best because it allows for decisive decision making

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41
Q

Federalist 78

A

Judiciary is the least dangerous branch. It has neither force, nor will only judgment.

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42
Q

Brutus 1

A

The size of the US was too large for a strong and efficient central government

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43
Q

What was added to ensure the ratification of the constitution

A

Bill of rights

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44
Q

What supreme court case established the principle of judicial review

A

Marbury vs Madison

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45
Q

Federalism

A

Division of power between state and national government

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46
Q

Dual federalism

A

National and state government are clearly separated (Layer cake)

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47
Q

Cooperative federalism

A

National and state government work together on foreign policy (marble cake)

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48
Q

Enumerated powers

A

Powers that are given to the national government that are listed in the constitution

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49
Q

Necessary and proper clause

A

Gives Congress the authority to legislate as it sees fit and to carry out constituency powers

50
Q

Commerce clause

A

Only Congress can regulate commerce with other countries amongst several states and Indian tribes

51
Q

Selective incorporation

A

Applies Bill of Rights to states on a case by case basis

52
Q

Grants in aid

A

Money given from one level of government to another

53
Q

Fiscal federalism

A

Federal government uses grants in aid to influence policys in the states

54
Q

What was decided in the supreme court case of United States vsLopez?

A

Limits the national governments ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause this strengthened the state government compared to national government

55
Q

What was decided in the Supreme Court case of McCulloch vsMaryland

A

National bank is constitutional under the supremacy clause. state cannot tax national bank, and strengthend the powers of the national government

56
Q

10th amendment

A

Any power is not specifically given to the national government or denied to the states go to the states

57
Q

What is the role of both house and senate regarding impeachment?

A

The president can be impeached by majority in the house and trial in senate with 2/3 votes needed

58
Q

Descriptive representation

A

A belief that constitutes are more effectively represented by legislators that are similar to them and things like race or ethnicity

59
Q

Why does congress usecommittees

A

Divide and conquer, allows Congress to become experts in key cases

60
Q

Standing committee

A

Permanent congressional committee that specializes in a particular area

61
Q

Committee chair

A

Head of committee, sets agenda for committee, and they’re from majority party

62
Q

What is a select committee and when are they used

A

Temporary committee created for a specific purpose and disbanded after that purpose is fulfilled

63
Q

Names of the roles of leaders in the house and senate

A

Speaker of the house, head of the house, majority leader is most powerful in senate

64
Q

What constitutional amendment changes the method in which senators are selected and how did this happen?

A

17th amendment in 1913 before that senators were appointed, and the house is always been elected

65
Q

What is reapportionment and when does it occur?

A

Districts are re-drawn based on Changes in population, this occurs after each census

66
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Uses redistricting to benefit a specific interest or a group of voters

67
Q

What is an incumbent and what is their advantage?

A

A current office holder they have better name, recognition usually more money on hand, then challengers and franking privilege which means they can send mail for free

68
Q

What is filibuster and cloture

A

Unlimited debate to prevent a vote in the senate. you can get around filibuster by using cloture there are 60 votes for cloture

69
Q

Divided government

A

When a party controls the presidency of both chambers of Congress split

70
Q

Budget setting progress

A

Created by a president approved by both chambers of Congress

71
Q

Mandatory spending

A

Must be included in budget. Congress does not need to approve every year. (Medicare)

72
Q

Discretionary spending

A

Items like education, which must be voted on every year

73
Q

Budget surplus

A

When government collects more money in taxes than it spends in one year

74
Q

What is deflect?

A

National government spends more money than it collects in taxes in one year

75
Q

Bipartisanship

A

When the two political parties work together to pass legislation

76
Q

How many articles are there in the constitution?

77
Q

How many amendments are in the constitution?

78
Q

Who has to approve for a bill to become law

A

The house and senate

79
Q

Delegate roll

A

When a Member of congress votes based off majority of other constituents want

80
Q

Trustee roll

A

When a member of Congress makes decisions using knowledge and judgment

81
Q

What was decided in Baker vs Carr

A

State legislative districts and population districts have to be almost equal population under the 14th Amendment

82
Q

What was decided in Shaw vs Reno?

A

Race cannot be the only factor on how a congressional district is drawn

83
Q

Requirements to become a president

A

At least 35 years old, a natural born citizen, and lived in the US for the past 14 years

84
Q

What do we do if there is a vacancy in the role of the vice president?

A

The president picks a new vice president, and both chambers of Congress have to approve under the 25th amendment

85
Q

What role does the president have in the legislative process

A

President become increasingly active in all stages of the legislative process

86
Q

How long can a president serve in office total?

A

Two-year terms and max of 10 years under the 22nd amendment

87
Q

What are the main reasons that someone running for president may consider choosing their running mate as vice president

A

Appeal to specific geographic region, or a different strength than present

88
Q

Executive privilege

A

All right claimed by presidents to keep certain conversations, records, and transcripts, confidential, especially from Congress

89
Q

What’s the process in order to become a cabinet member?

A

Appointed by President, and confirmed by senate

90
Q

Role of chief executive

A

Overseas federal bureaucracy

91
Q

State of the Union address

A

Annual speech from president to Congress updating that branch on state and national affairs

92
Q

Executive orders

A

A presidential directive that creates or modifies a law without Congress is approval

93
Q

Role of committee chief

A

Head of the military chain and can give military directives, but only Congress can declare war

94
Q

How many cabinet departments exist and how are they created

A

There are 15 and they are created by an act of congress

95
Q

Civil service

A

Make sure most government jobs are filled based on merit, not hired or fired based off politics

96
Q

Iron triangle

A

Relationship between beauaucracy, congress, and interest groups to join forces to create policies

97
Q

Deregulation

A

Beaucratic reform where government reduces its role as regulator of business

98
Q

Oversight

A

Congress making sure laws are being carried out as intended for investigation (main thing congress does)

99
Q

The terms for commissioners and reasons

A

Reset times to provide more insulation for politics

100
Q

Political parsonage

A

Giving mostly cabinet positions as reasons for loyalty

101
Q

Hatch act and why it was created

A

It tries to prevent federal workers from engaging in politics

102
Q

How many US district in a pill and circuit courts are there?

A

94 district courts 13 circuit courts each state has at least one District Court, no District Court covers more than one state

103
Q

Appellate jurisdiction

A

Hearing a case that is already been heard

104
Q

Judicial restraint

A

When a judge is hesitant to overturn, previous presidents or existing laws

105
Q

Judicial activism

A

Judges, interpret existing laws and presidents, loosely and intersect their opinions in actions.

106
Q

Majority opinion

A

Opinion that the most judges have it becomes binding opinion and precinent for others

107
Q

Concurring opinion

A

Agree with the result, but for a different reason

108
Q

Dissenting opinion

A

Disagree with majority

109
Q

How are federal judges, appointments part of presidents legacy?

A

What time is day of president a chance since their term is lifetime to have a lasting impact for judicial appointment since their term is lifetime

110
Q

Chief justice

A

Direct Supreme Court conferences

111
Q

Solicitor general

A

Represents the US (federal government)

112
Q

Amicus curiae briefs

A

Briefs filled in case by someone who is not in a party, but they have interest in it
(Interest groups)

113
Q

Senatorial courtesy

A

District in appeals court, nominees, must be acceptable in home state senator from presidents party

114
Q

Precedent (stare decisis)

A

Name of judicial ruling that serves as bases for the ruling in another case

115
Q

What constitutional amendment changes the method in which senators were selected and how did it happen?

A

The 17th amendment in 1913, before that sounders were pointed. A house is always been elected

116
Q

Main author of the declaration of independence

A

Thomas Jefferson

117
Q

What was the main purpose of the declaration of independence?

A

People greed to government to protect our nature, is going to remove leaders who violate these rights

118
Q

Weaknesses of articles of confederation

A

National gov could not tax, no independent leadership position, government could not regulate interstate and foreign commerce

119
Q

How are votes determined in the articles of confederation and how many votes are needed an important issues?

A

Every state has one voted, 9/13 votes needed

120
Q

How long of a term do federal judges serve and why?

A

Lifetime do the separation of powers, and to prevent influence from other branches

121
Q

How are federal judges appointed?

A

Appointed by President confirmed by senate