Free Response Exam Flashcards
Structure of articles of confederation and why
A temporary government of the 13 colonies starting during the revolutionary war. Weak national government, strong state government.
because the colonists were breaking away from Great Britain, a strong national gov
How was voting structured
Every state had one vote, 9 out of 13 states had to agree for anything to pass
Three weaknesses of articles of confederation
National gov could not tax, no independent leadership position, government could not regulate interstate and foreign commerce
What must happen for articles of confederation to be changed
All states have to agree
What major event showed the weakness of the articles of confederation
Shays rebelion. Was uprising in a state that showed the confederation lacked power to confront national emergences
Next steps
A follow up meeting was set upby the states in 1787 to revise the articles of confederation
When and why was constitution written
1787 when delegates at convention decided to get rid of articles of confederation and start over
Purpose of preamble and what it is
Introduction to constitution which lists reasons and goals
Purpose and components of article 1 (L)
Describes powers given to and denied to both congress and the states. Describes term of office, qualifications, and leadership positions for house and senete
Purpose and components of article 2 (E)
Term of office, qualifications, and electoral college elects president and vice president. Describes powers of president and oath of office
Purpose and components of article 3 (J)
One Supreme Court, congress creates all lower courts. All federal judges appointed for life terms. Describes jurisdictions for federal courts
Purpose and components for article 4
Goes over obligations states have to eachother. Gaurenteds all states have republican form of government, elect all officials, and correct process to add new states
Purpose and components of article 5
The process to amend the constitution. To propose a constitutional amendment you need 2/3 of both chambers, to ratify you need 3/4 of states.
Purpose and components of article 6
S(ix) S(upremacy)
Supremacy clause. Constitution is supreme law of the land, federal law, override state laws. to hold any officeYou must take an oath to uphold the constitution, no religious requirements.
Describe the dispute between the federalist and anti-federalist after the constitution was drafted
Federalist were in support to ratify the constitution anti-federalist opposed, because they thought the proposed government was too strong
Describe the number of federalist papers were they were published in their purpose
There were 85 federalist papers. These were written in the New York newspapers to push for ratification for the constitution.
Author of federalist 10 and its main purpose with at least two points
Author was James Madison. Its main purpose was to explain how factions can be limited, and to argue that the proposed government was not likely to be controlled by one. one of the main points was factions could harm community, but abolishing factions would be abolishing liberty. The second main point was federalism would block tyranny by requiring majority’s from each state, and then organize at a national level.
Author of federalist 51 and its main purpose with at least two key points
James madison to explain how separation of power and checks and balances would prevent tyranny. First main point was separation of power would allow liberty to be preserved. Second main point was Gov is divided to guard one branch against an injustice of another
Name and author of federalist, 70 its main purpose, and to keep points
The author was Alexander Hamilton, to support for a single person, a strong executive, and a leader ship role for the executive branch. One key point is -Unity, duration, salary, and incompetent powers to contribute to energy. The other key point is it is easier to hold one person accountable than several
Author of federalist 78, and it’s me and purpose with two key points
Alexander Hamilton advocated for lifetime appointments during good behavior of judicial branch
-lifetime appointments are necessary as a safeguard for the courts independence
-judges, determine the meaning of the constitution and any legislative branch
Brutus 1
It argued that the size of the US was too large for an efficient strong central gov anti-feds also wrote document such as Brutus 1 disregarding ratification of the constitution
-article one section 8 is very general and comprehensive to justifying passing almost any law
-the country is too large to be governed as a republic and large republic lead to corruption
Purpose and components of article 7
to ratify the constitution you need 9/13 states which happened in 1788
Author of the declaration and where most key points came from
The author is Thomas Jefferson, and it came from John Locke enlightenment principles
Introduction while stating the purpose of the declaration and the reasons it was written
Announcing formally breaking away from Great Britain, and giving them reasons for it
Theory of government
People have natural rights that cannot be taken away, people agree to government to protect their natural rights and can remove a government that fails to do so, people will not break away from the government for petty reasons, but if lines were crossed than breaking away is justified
List of grievances with overview and 3 examples
Taxing without representation, unjust jury, quartering troops
Criticism of British people state what colonists have attempted to sk and what has happened
Repeatedly asked for changes and we’re repeatedly ignored
Statement of separation- what was stated in the conclusion paragraph and discuss signatures
Colonists declared themselves a free and independent country with any powers that free and independent countries have, they signed the declaration knowing it was an act of treason
Background for schenck vs US
During ww1 a person was passing out pamphlets encouraging young men to disobey the draft and was arrested and convicted for doing so
Questions Supreme Court had for a bench vs US
Did the arrest and conviction BioWare his rights to first amendment, freedom of speech
Ruling and rationale of schenck vs US
Supreme Court ruled against him because the first amendment does not protect speech that creates clear and present danger that congress has the power to prevent
Background information for New York Times vs US
The government tried to prevent newspapers from publishing stolen classified documents, arguing it was necessary to protect national security
Questions Supreme Court had to decide in New York Times vs US
Is preventing the newspapers from publishing the information a violation of freedom of the press in first amendment
Ruling and rationale of New York Times vs US
The newspapers can publish the materials under freedom of the press in first amendment because government could not prove an actual threat to National security
Background information for tinker vs fed monies
High school students were suspended for refusing to remove arm bands to protest the Vietnam war
Questions Supreme Court had to decide in tinker vs see monies
Is forcing students to remove arm bands a violation of freedom of speech in first amendment
Ruling and rationale of tinker vs does moines
Under freedom of speech in first amendment, student had the right to wear armbands at school and it can only stop free speech from students when it disrupts operation in schools
Background information for citizens United vs FEC
An interest group was blocked from airing a anti-Hilary Clinton movie during her campaign for president
