Semen Flashcards
What is the largest fraction in the composition of semen fluid?
Seminal fluid (60-70%)
Where do the sperm mature and develop flagella?
Epididymis
The seminal fluid contains a high concentration of ____ & ____.
Fructose; flavin
Approximately 20-30% of the semen volume is ____ fluid produced by the prostate gland.
Acidic
The prostate fluid is responsible for both ____ & ____ of the semen following ejaculation.
Coagulation; liquefaction
First portion of ejaculate missing: ____ sperm count, ____ pH, specimen will ____
Decreased; increased; liquefy
Last portion of ejaculate missing: ____ sperm count, ____ volume, ____ pH, specimen will ____
Increased; decreased; decreased; clot
Specimens are collected following a period of sexual abstinence of at least ___ days to not more than ___ days.
2; 7
Specimens are discarded as ____ waste.
Biohazardous
A fresh specimen is clotted and should liquefy within ____ minutes.
30-60
If after 2 hours the specimen has not liquefied, what may be added to induce liquefaction?
Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline or proteolytic enzymes (chymotrypsin or bromelain)
pH should be measured within ____ of ejaculation due to the loss of Co2 that occurs.
1 hour
Count greater than ____ leukocytes per mL is associated with inflammation or infection of the reproductive organs.
1 million
Presence of more than 1 million ____ per mL indicates disruption of spermatogenesis.
Spermatids
Motility is evaluated by both ____ & ____.
Speed; direction
This instrumentation provides objective interpretation of both sperm velocity and trajectory, as well as sperm concentration and morphology
Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA)
Sperm motility grade: slower speed, some lateral movement
3
Sperm motility grade: slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement
2
The normal sperm has an oval-shaped head approximately ___ um long & ___ um wide.
5; 3
The flagellar tail of the sperm is approximately ___ um long.
45
The acrosomal cap should encompass approximately ____ of the head and cover approximately ____ of the sperm nucleus.
Half; 2/3
The midpiece is approximately ___ um long and is the thickest part of the tail.
7
____ are the predominant form of leukocyte in semen.
Peroxidase-positive granulocytes
Presence of a large proportion of vital but immobile cells may indicate a defective ____.
Flagellum
High number of immotile and nonviable cells may indicate ____ pathology.
Epididymal
In the immunobead test, head-directed antibodies can interfere with ____, whereas tail–directed antibodies affect ____.
Penetration; movement
Motile sperm is present up to ____ after intercourse, while nonmotile sperm is present up to ____.
24 hours; 3 days
Heads of the sperm once they die off are still present for up to ____ after intercourse.
7 days
A more specific method than ACP is the detection of ____, which is present even in the absence of sperm.
Seminal glycoprotein 30/PSA
This is a test for choline using iodine crystals & KI as reagents
Florence test
This is a test for spermine with saturated picric acid & TCA as reagents
Barbiero’s test
