Microscopic Examination of Urine

Question 1

Stain which identifies WBCs, epithelial cells, and casts

Answer 1

Sterheimer-Malbin

Question 2

What does toluidine blue differentiate?

Answer 2

WBCs and RTEs

Question 3

Stain which identifies urinary eosinophils

Answer 3

Hansel stain

Question 4

What does prussian blue identify?

Answer 4

Yellow-brown granules of hemosiderin

Question 5

Microscopic technique which enhances visualization of elements with low refractive indices ie hyaline casts, Trichomonas

Answer 5

Phase-contrast

Question 6

In concentrated (hypersthenuric) urine, red cells may appear ____.

Answer 6

Crenated

Question 7

In dilute (hyposthenuric) urine, red cells lyse rapidly and become large empty cell called ____.

Answer 7

Ghost cells

Question 8

Presence of RBCs in the urine is associated with damage to the ____.

Answer 8

Glomerular membrane

Question 9

Predominant WBC found in the urine sediment

Answer 9

Neutrophil

Question 10

Presence of urinary eosinophils is primarily associated with ____.

Answer 10

Drug-induced interstitial nephritis

Question 11

Increase in urinary WBCs

Answer 11

Pyuria

Question 12

Transitional epithelial cells may appear in three forms:

Answer 12

Spherical, polyhedral, caudate

Question 13

TRUE or FALSE: All forms of urothelial cells have eccentrically located nuclei.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Increased numbers of transitional cells seen in clumps

Answer 14

Syncytia

Question 15

These cells tend to have a rectangular shape and are referred to as columnar or convoluted cells.

Answer 15

RTEs

Question 16

Cells from the DCT are ____ than those from the PCT.

Answer 16

Smaller

Question 17

RTEs from the PCT may be mistaken for:

Answer 17

Granular or fatty casts

Question 18

RTEs from the DCT may be mistaken for:

Answer 18

Transitional cells

Question 19

RTEs from the collecting duct are ____ (shape).

Answer 19

Cuboidal

Question 20

RTEs are often a result of ____.

Answer 20

Tissue destruction

Question 21

TRUE or FALSE: PCT and DCT are not seen in large sheets of cells.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

The presence of more than ___ RTE cells per hpf indicates tubular injury.

Answer 22

2

Question 23

Single ____ RTE cells are particularly noticeable in cases of salicylate poisoning.

Answer 23

Cuboidal

Question 24

What are lipid-containing RTE cells?

Answer 24

Oval fat bodies

Question 25

Identification of oval fat bodies is confirmed by staining the urine sediment with ____ or ____.

Answer 25

Sudan III; oil red O

Question 26

Cholesterol has a characteristic ____ appearance in oval fat bodies.

Answer 26

Maltese cross

Question 27

Lipiduria is most frequently associated with damage too the glomerulus caused by the ____.

Answer 27

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 28

To be considered significant for UTI, bacteria should be accompanied by ____.

Answer 28

WBCs

Question 29

In severe infections, yeast may appear as ____.

Answer 29

Branched, mycelial forms

Question 30

Trichomonas may be mistaken for ____, ____ or ____.

Answer 30

WBC; transitional; RTE cell

Question 31

What is the glycoprotein excreted by RTE cells of the DCT and upper collecting ducts?

Answer 31

Uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall protein)

Question 32

Sternheimer-Malbin stain produces a ____ color in hyaline casts.

Answer 32

Pink

Question 33

RBC casts are primarily associated with damage to the ____.

Answer 33

Glomerulus

Question 34

What is the primary marker for distinguishing pyelonephritis from cystitis?

Answer 34

WBC casts

Question 35

Most frequently, WBC casts are composed of ____.

Answer 35

Neutrophils

Question 36

Solutes precipitate more readily at ____ temperatures, leading to crystal formation.

Answer 36

Low

Question 37

All abnormal crystals are found in ____ urine.

Answer 37

Acidic