Microscopic Examination of Urine Flashcards
Stain which identifies WBCs, epithelial cells, and casts
Sterheimer-Malbin
What does toluidine blue differentiate?
WBCs and RTEs
Stain which identifies urinary eosinophils
Hansel stain
What does prussian blue identify?
Yellow-brown granules of hemosiderin
Microscopic technique which enhances visualization of elements with low refractive indices ie hyaline casts, Trichomonas
Phase-contrast
In concentrated (hypersthenuric) urine, red cells may appear ____.
Crenated
In dilute (hyposthenuric) urine, red cells lyse rapidly and become large empty cell called ____.
Ghost cells
Presence of RBCs in the urine is associated with damage to the ____.
Glomerular membrane
Predominant WBC found in the urine sediment
Neutrophil
Presence of urinary eosinophils is primarily associated with ____.
Drug-induced interstitial nephritis
Increase in urinary WBCs
Pyuria
Transitional epithelial cells may appear in three forms:
Spherical, polyhedral, caudate
TRUE or FALSE: All forms of urothelial cells have eccentrically located nuclei.
False
Increased numbers of transitional cells seen in clumps
Syncytia
These cells tend to have a rectangular shape and are referred to as columnar or convoluted cells.
RTEs
Cells from the DCT are ____ than those from the PCT.
Smaller
RTEs from the PCT may be mistaken for:
Granular or fatty casts
RTEs from the DCT may be mistaken for:
Transitional cells
RTEs from the collecting duct are ____ (shape).
Cuboidal
RTEs are often a result of ____.
Tissue destruction
TRUE or FALSE: PCT and DCT are not seen in large sheets of cells.
True
The presence of more than ___ RTE cells per hpf indicates tubular injury.
2
Single ____ RTE cells are particularly noticeable in cases of salicylate poisoning.
Cuboidal
What are lipid-containing RTE cells?
Oval fat bodies
Identification of oval fat bodies is confirmed by staining the urine sediment with ____ or ____.
Sudan III; oil red O
Cholesterol has a characteristic ____ appearance in oval fat bodies.
Maltese cross
Lipiduria is most frequently associated with damage too the glomerulus caused by the ____.
Nephrotic syndrome
To be considered significant for UTI, bacteria should be accompanied by ____.
WBCs
In severe infections, yeast may appear as ____.
Branched, mycelial forms
Trichomonas may be mistaken for ____, ____ or ____.
WBC; transitional; RTE cell
What is the glycoprotein excreted by RTE cells of the DCT and upper collecting ducts?
Uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall protein)
Sternheimer-Malbin stain produces a ____ color in hyaline casts.
Pink
RBC casts are primarily associated with damage to the ____.
Glomerulus
What is the primary marker for distinguishing pyelonephritis from cystitis?
WBC casts
Most frequently, WBC casts are composed of ____.
Neutrophils
Solutes precipitate more readily at ____ temperatures, leading to crystal formation.
Low
All abnormal crystals are found in ____ urine.
Acidic
