CSF

Question 1

In adults, approximately ___ mL of fluid is produced every hour.

Answer 1

20

Question 2

The cells of the ____ act as one-way valves that respond to pressure within the CNS and prevent reflux of the fluid.

Answer 2

Arachnoid granulations

Question 3

A classic ____ is associated with tubercular meningitis and can be seen after overnight refrigeration.

Answer 3

Web-like pellicle

Question 4

____ may also be found in early stages of viral, tubercular, & fungal meningitis.

Answer 4

Neutrophils

Question 5

____ are from the lining of the ventricles and neural canal.

Answer 5

Ependymal cells

Question 6

____ cells represent lining of from the arachnoid.

Answer 6

Spindle-shaped cells

Question 7

Fusing of cell walls and nuclear irregularities and ____ (color) nucleoli are seen in ____ of malignant cells.

Answer 7

Hyperchromatic; clusters

Question 8

The alpha globulins in CSF include primarily ____ & ____.

Answer 8

Haptoglobin; ceruloplasmin

Question 9

____ is the major beta globulin present; also a carbohydrate-deficient transferrin fraction, referred to as ____.

Answer 9

Transferrin; tau

Question 10

What are the most common causes of conditions that damage the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 10

Meningitis & hemorrhage conditions

Question 11

Banding representing both systemic and neurologic involvement is seen in the serum and CSF with ____ infection.

Answer 11

HIV

Question 12

What techniques are the methods of choice when determining whether a fluid is actually CSF?

Answer 12

CSF immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) & isoelectric focusing (IEF)

Question 13

The present of ____ in the CSF indicates recent destruction of the myelin sheath that protects that axons of the neurons.

Answer 13

Myelin basic protein (MBP)

Question 14

Glucose results in a reference value that is approximately ___% that of the plasma glucose.

Answer 14

60-70

Question 15

Blood glucose specimen must be drawn about ___ hours before the spinal tap to allow time for equilibrium between the blood and fluid.

Answer 15

2

Question 16

Markedly decreased CSG glucose with increased WBC count with large % of neutrophils:

Answer 16

Bacterial meningitis

Question 17

Markedly decreased CSG glucose with increased WBC count with large % lymphocytes:

Answer 17

Tubercular meningitis

Question 18

Normal CSG glucose with increased number of lymphocytes:

Answer 18

Viral meningitis

Question 19

In bacterial, tubercular & viral meningitis, CSF lactate levels greater than ___mg/dL occurs much more consistently than does decreased glucose.

Answer 19

25

Question 20

TRUE or FALSE: Levels greater than 35 mg/dL are frequently seen with viral meningitis whereas in bacterial meningitis, lactate levels remain lower than 25.

Answer 20

False

Bacterial >35; viral <25

Question 21

Glutamine is produced by ____ & ____ by the brain cells.

Answer 21

Ammonia; a-ketoglutarate

Question 22

The normal concentration of glutamine in CSF is ___ mg/dL.

Answer 22

8-18

Question 23

Why is glutamine measurement preferred over direct measurement of CSF ammonia?

Answer 23

Glutamine concentration remains more stable than the volatile ammonia concentration in the collected specimen

Question 24

____ test to detect the presence of C. neoformans antigen in serum and CSF provide a more sensitive method than the India Ink preparation.

Answer 24

Latex agglutination