Chemical Examination of Urine

Question 1

Principle of pH reagent test pad

Answer 1

Double-indicator system (methyl red & bromothymol blue)

Question 2

Proteinuria is often associated with?

Answer 2

Renal disease

Question 3

Tamm-Horsfall protein (uromodulin) is produced by the:

Answer 3

Renal tubular cells (RTE)

Question 4

Clinical proteinuria is indicated at ___ mg/dL or greater.

Answer 4

30

Question 5

Proliferative disorder of the Ig-producing plasma cells;; serum containing markedly elevated levels of monoclonal Ig light chains (Bence Jones protein)

Answer 5

Multiple myeloma

Question 6

Prerenal, renal or postrenal: amyloidosis, diabetic nephropathy, strenuous exercise, preeclampsia

Answer 6

Renal

Question 7

Prerenal, renal or postrenal: bacterial and fungal infections, injury or trauma

Answer 7

Postrenal

Question 8

Principle of the protein reagent test pad

Answer 8

Protein error of indicators

Question 9

Cold precipitation test that reacts equally with all forms of protein

Answer 9

Sulfosalicylic Acid (SSA) Precipitation Test (Exton’s)

Question 10

In SSA Test, what are the grade and protein range when the results are reported as: turbidity, granulation, flocculation?

Answer 10

3+

200-400

Question 11

What dye is used in albumin reagent strips?

Answer 11

DIDNTB

Question 12

Principle of the creatinine reagent test pad

Answer 12

Pseudoperoxidase activity of copper-creatinine complexes

Question 13

Most frequently performed chemical analysis on urine

Answer 13

Glucose

Question 14

Onset of hyperglycemia and glycosuria during pregnancy is normally around the ___ month.

Answer 14

6th

Question 15

Glycosuria occurs in the absence of hyperglycemia when the reabsorption of glucose by the renal tubules is compromised.

Answer 15

Renal glycosuria

Question 16

Principle of the glucose reagent test pad

Answer 16

Glucose oxidase

Question 17

Test which relies on the ability of glucose to reduce copper sulfate to cuprous oxide in the presence of alkali and heat

Answer 17

Copper Reduction Test (Clinitest)

Question 18

Aside from glucose, what is the other clinically significant sugar that Clinitest detects?

Answer 18

Galactose

Question 19

Principle used in the ketones reagent test pad

Answer 19

Sodium nitroprusside

Question 20

Enhances the detection of acetone

Answer 20

Glycine

Question 21

Hematuria produces a ____ red urine and hemoglobinuria produces a ____ red urine.

Answer 21

Cloudy; clear

Question 22

Hematuria or hemoglobin: most closely related to disorders of renal or genitourinary origin

Answer 22

Hematuria

Question 23

What may appear in the RTEs and urine sediment when there is reabsorption of filtered hemoglobin?

Answer 23

Hemosiderin (denatured ferritin)

Question 24

Principle used in blood reagent test pad

Answer 24

Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin to catalyse a reaction between the heme component of hemoglobin and myoglobin

Question 25

What test is helpful in differentiating hemoglobinuria from myoglobinuria?

Answer 25

Blondheim’s test

Question 26

In blondheim’s test, what is added to 5 mL of centrifuged urine?

Answer 26

2.5 g ammonium sulfate

Question 27

What is the result of blondheim’s test if hemoglobin is present instead of myoglobin?

Answer 27

Red precipitate

Question 28

In the liver, bilirubin is conjugated with ____ by the action of glucuronyl transferase to form water-soluble ____.

Answer 28

Glucuronic acid; bilirubin diglucoronide

Question 29

In the intestine, intestinal bacteria reduce bilirubin to ____.

Answer 29

Urobilinogen

Question 30

Principle used in the bilirubin reagent test pad

Answer 30

Diazo reaction

Question 31

Confirmatory test for bilirubin

Answer 31

Ictotest

Question 32

In urobilinogen detection, results are reported in ____ units.

Answer 32

Ehrlich (EU)

Question 33

Nitrite screening is useful in the detection of ____ which could cause severe complications such as pyelonephritis.

Answer 33

Bacteriuria

Question 34

Principle used in the nitrite reagent test pad

Answer 34

Greiss reaction (nitrite at an acidic pH reacts with an aromatic amine to form a diazonium compound)

Question 35

TRUE or FALSE: LE test detects lymphocytes as well.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Principle of LE reagent test pad

Answer 36

Action of LE to catalyze the hydrolysis of an acid ester embedded on the reagent to produce an aromatic compound and acid

Question 37

Principle of SG reagent test pad

Answer 37

Change in pKa of a polyelectrolyte in an alkaline medium