sem 1 exam 5

Question 1

spoils system

Answer 1

andrew jackson put his friends in important political offices during his presidency

Question 2

indian removal act

Answer 2

(1830) forced the relocation of southeastern native american tribes, aimed to open vast lands to white settlement through harsh violence despite native opposition

Question 3

nat turner’s rebellion

Answer 3

enslaved preacher nat turner led a massive slave uprising in virginia, after the rebellion southern states passed harsher slave code laws, abolitionists viewed turner as a martyr while slave owners intensified their racist perceptions

Question 4

slave code laws

Answer 4

laws that restricted black education, literacy, movement, assembly, and property ownership

Question 5

eli whitney

Answer 5

inventor who revolutionized american manufacturing and southern society

Question 6

interchangable parts

Answer 6

(1801) pioneered by eli whitney, laid the groundwork for mass production

Question 7

whitney’s cotton gin

Answer 7

(1793) separated cotton fibers from seeds, made cotton incredibly profitable, led to massive expansion of slavery in the south, sectionalism, and a booming cotton industry

Question 8

second great awakening

Answer 8

(early 19th century) widespread religious movement that emphasized evangelicalism, expanded denominations like methodist and baptist, inspired several reform movements in the north

Question 9

evangelicalism

Answer 9

personal salvation, emotional worship, encouraging conversion

Question 10

transcendentalism

Answer 10

(1830s-40s) intellectual movement that emerged in new england, emphasized individualism, self-reliance, connection between humans and nature, came as a reaction to emerging industrialization

Question 11

key transcendentalists

Answer 11

ralph waldo emerson, henry david thoreau, margaret fuller

Question 12

woman in the nineteenth century

Answer 12

(1843) published by margaret fuller, argued for women’s equality

Question 13

nullification crisis

Answer 13

(1832-33) south carolina, led by john c. calhoun, attempts to nullify the tariff of 1828

Question 14

nullification ordinance

Answer 14

(1832) south carolina declares the tariffs null and void and threatens sucession

Question 15

force bill

Answer 15

(1833) jackson passes bill that authorized the use of military force to enforce federal laws (in opposition to the nullification ordinance, basically said they had to pay the tariff)

Question 16

compromise tariff

Answer 16

(1833) henry clay makes compromise tariff that reduces tariff rates and tensions

Question 17

jackson vs bank

Answer 17

jackson opposed the rechartering of the second BUS bc he thought it only benefitted the elites, vetoed the recharter bill, removed federal funds and placed them in state “pet” banks

Question 18

panic of 1837

Answer 18

financial crisis bc of jackson vetoing the recharter bill for the second BUS and him putting all the gov’t money into pet banks

Question 19

key abolitionists

Answer 19

william lloyd garrison (dubbed a radical), frederick douglass, sojourner truth

Question 20

texas revolution

Answer 20

mexico opened immigration to american settlers to texas only if they followed their laws (no slavery, be catholic), american texans rebelled and declared independence (1836), sam houston is founding father, texas annexed in 1845

Question 21

key abolitionist works

Answer 21

garrison’s the liberator, truth’s ain’t i a woman, and douglass’s narrative (the life of frederick douglass or smth)

Question 22

underground railroad

Answer 22

(1800s-60s) secret network of routes and safe houses used to help enslaved individuals escape, conductors guided escapees, goals of the escapees were the north, mexico, or canada bc slavery was illegal

Question 23

seneca falls convention

Answer 23

(1848) first women’s rights convention in the us, organized by elizabeth cady stanton and lucretia mott, attended by famous abolitionists like douglass

Question 24

declaration of sentiments

Answer 24

written by e. cady standon, called for equal rights for women, including the right to vote

Question 25

manifest destiny

Answer 25

belief that the US had the divine right to expand across N. America, fueled US policies for westward expansion, leading to conflict and displacement, americans believed it was their duty to spread protestantism and democracy, reason for annexing texas

Question 26

mexican-american war

Answer 26

(1846-48) fought over disputed territories, particularly the border of texas

Question 27

treaty of guadalupe-hidalgo

Answer 27

(1848) mexico cedes about half its territory (seven future states)

Question 28

pres. james k. polk

Answer 28

strong supporter of US expansion, make it vital to his campaign, annexed texas

Question 29

wilmot proviso

Answer 29

(1846) proposed a ban on slavery in any territory acquired from mexico, passed the house and not the senate, showcasing sectional divisions

Question 30

free soil party

Answer 30

opposed the expansion of slavery into western territories, not completely abolitionist