sem 1 exam 5 Flashcards
spoils system
andrew jackson put his friends in important political offices during his presidency
indian removal act
(1830) forced the relocation of southeastern native american tribes, aimed to open vast lands to white settlement through harsh violence despite native opposition
nat turner’s rebellion
enslaved preacher nat turner led a massive slave uprising in virginia, after the rebellion southern states passed harsher slave code laws, abolitionists viewed turner as a martyr while slave owners intensified their racist perceptions
slave code laws
laws that restricted black education, literacy, movement, assembly, and property ownership
eli whitney
inventor who revolutionized american manufacturing and southern society
interchangable parts
(1801) pioneered by eli whitney, laid the groundwork for mass production
whitney’s cotton gin
(1793) separated cotton fibers from seeds, made cotton incredibly profitable, led to massive expansion of slavery in the south, sectionalism, and a booming cotton industry
second great awakening
(early 19th century) widespread religious movement that emphasized evangelicalism, expanded denominations like methodist and baptist, inspired several reform movements in the north
evangelicalism
personal salvation, emotional worship, encouraging conversion
transcendentalism
(1830s-40s) intellectual movement that emerged in new england, emphasized individualism, self-reliance, connection between humans and nature, came as a reaction to emerging industrialization
key transcendentalists
ralph waldo emerson, henry david thoreau, margaret fuller
woman in the nineteenth century
(1843) published by margaret fuller, argued for women’s equality
nullification crisis
(1832-33) south carolina, led by john c. calhoun, attempts to nullify the tariff of 1828
nullification ordinance
(1832) south carolina declares the tariffs null and void and threatens sucession
force bill
(1833) jackson passes bill that authorized the use of military force to enforce federal laws (in opposition to the nullification ordinance, basically said they had to pay the tariff)
compromise tariff
(1833) henry clay makes compromise tariff that reduces tariff rates and tensions
jackson vs bank
jackson opposed the rechartering of the second BUS bc he thought it only benefitted the elites, vetoed the recharter bill, removed federal funds and placed them in state “pet” banks
panic of 1837
financial crisis bc of jackson vetoing the recharter bill for the second BUS and him putting all the gov’t money into pet banks
key abolitionists
william lloyd garrison (dubbed a radical), frederick douglass, sojourner truth
texas revolution
mexico opened immigration to american settlers to texas only if they followed their laws (no slavery, be catholic), american texans rebelled and declared independence (1836), sam houston is founding father, texas annexed in 1845
key abolitionist works
garrison’s the liberator, truth’s ain’t i a woman, and douglass’s narrative (the life of frederick douglass or smth)
underground railroad
(1800s-60s) secret network of routes and safe houses used to help enslaved individuals escape, conductors guided escapees, goals of the escapees were the north, mexico, or canada bc slavery was illegal
seneca falls convention
(1848) first women’s rights convention in the us, organized by elizabeth cady stanton and lucretia mott, attended by famous abolitionists like douglass
declaration of sentiments
written by e. cady standon, called for equal rights for women, including the right to vote
manifest destiny
belief that the US had the divine right to expand across N. America, fueled US policies for westward expansion, leading to conflict and displacement, americans believed it was their duty to spread protestantism and democracy, reason for annexing texas
mexican-american war
(1846-48) fought over disputed territories, particularly the border of texas
treaty of guadalupe-hidalgo
(1848) mexico cedes about half its territory (seven future states)
pres. james k. polk
strong supporter of US expansion, make it vital to his campaign, annexed texas
wilmot proviso
(1846) proposed a ban on slavery in any territory acquired from mexico, passed the house and not the senate, showcasing sectional divisions
free soil party
opposed the expansion of slavery into western territories, not completely abolitionist
