more stuff for midterm Flashcards
california gold rush
discovery of gold in california (1848) led to massive migration, admitted as a state in 1850, migration boosted economic development but also led to exploitation and native displacement, people from all over (chinese, mexican, european) migrated for fortune, new mining tech like hydraulic mining caused significant environment damage
compromise of 1850
aimed at addressing the issue of slavery in territories acquired from mexico, california enters as a free state, utah and new mexico decide by pop. sov.
fugitive slave act
part of compromise of 1850, mandated help in returning escaped slaves, prompted northern backlash, temporarily preserved the union and intensified sectional divide
uncle tom’s cabin
published in 1852 by harriet beecher stowe, became a best-seller around the world, depicted the brutal realities of slavery, made north more opposed to slavery, southern critics said its anti south propaganda, was a catalyst for mass northern abolitionsim
kansas nebraska act
(1854) stephen douglas desired to organize the remaining louisiana territory to build railroads, kansas and nebraska would decide slavery by pop sov (repeal of missouri compromise), led to violent confrontations between pro and anti slavery (bleeding kansas), outrage over repeal of missouri compromise spurred calls for an anti-slavery political party (republicans)
republican party
formed by anti-slavery whigs and free-soilers in response to kansas-nebraska act, focused on opposing the expansion of slavery into territories and promoting economic modernization, grew rapidly in the north as the main political party against the democrats, replaced the whigs in the two party system
dred scott vs. sandford
(1857), scotus ruled black ppl werent citizens even if they were free, ruled the missouri compromise unconstitutional bc congress can’t deprive ppl of property, decision spurred pro slavery ppl and deepened the divide between the regions, contributed to the rise of the republican party and tensions
john brown
radical abolitonist believed that violent action was necessary to end slavery, rose to fame during bleeding kansas bc he led the killing of pro slavery farmers, tried and failed to raid harper’s ferry arsenal in va, execution was widely publicized, was a martyr in north and terrorist in south
abraham lincoln
lincoln rose to fame during debates with stephen douglas over illinois senate, debated helped him secure presidential nomination, won the election even though his name was kept off the ballot in south, election convinced southern legislators that they need to secede from the union
southern secession
south carolina secedes from the union in 1860 bc they want slavery, 6 southern states follow forming the confederates, lincoln called for troops to suppress rebellion after fort sumter
fort sumter
(1861) first battle of the civil war, confederates attacked
jefferson davis
president of the confederate states of america
richmond civil war
capital of the confederate states of america
battle of antietam
(1862) the bloodiest single-day battle, led to the emancipation proclamation
emancipation proclamation
(1863) declared that all slaves in confederate areas were free, redefined the war for the union for abolition
battle of gettysburg
(1863) a turning point, the union’s victory halted lee’s invasion of the north
overland campaign
(1864) general ulysses s. grant leads brutal battles to weaken lee’s army
sherman’s march
(1864) general william tecumseh sherman implements total war on his “march to the sea,” his campaign obliterated southern economy and infrastructure
end of civil war
lincoln re-elected in 1864, unionist southerner andrew johnson his running mate, richmond falls to union in 1865, imminent collapse of confederacy, robert e. lee surrenders to grant at appomattox court house (1865), lincoln assassinated by wilkes booth (1865) tensions high
