sem 1 exam 1

Question 1

pre columbian indigenous groups

Answer 1

linked through trade networks, maize cultivation

Question 2

cahokia, creek, choctaw

Answer 2

created permanent agricultural settlements

Question 3

plains tribes

Answer 3

like crow, seasonally nomadic, followed buffalo herds for basic needs

Question 4

beginning of european colonization in americas

Answer 4

arrival of columbus, 1492

Question 5

columbian exchange

Answer 5

transatlantic trade of biological, environmental, and cultural goods

Question 6

effects of columbian exchange

Answer 6

changed indigenous settlement patterns and livelihoods, exchange of dietary goods increased european nutrition and thus increase in population, spread of diseases (smallpox, measles, etc) had devastating effects of indigenous groups (they died)

Question 7

encomienda

Answer 7

spanish system that relied on the enforced labor of the indigenous populations, sent them to the mines to extract gold

Question 8

bartolome de las casas

Answer 8

wrote about the harsh treatment of indigenous groups within encomienda, writings were monumental in arguing for the humanity of indigenous ppl

Question 9

jamestown

Answer 9

(1607) first successful english colonies in n. america, in virginia, sponsored by the virginia company of london

Question 10

population of jamestown

Answer 10

mostly white male because hard labor was needed to work on crops

Question 11

headright system

Answer 11

(1618) anyone who paid for a voyage to virginia received 50 acres of land, ppl with voyages paid for were indentured servants who were legally bounded by contracts

Question 12

plymouth

Answer 12

(1620) second major english settlement, in mass, founded by dissenting pilgrims

Question 13

mayflower compact

Answer 13

agreement of self-governance signed aboard the mayflower, first instance of self-governance in the colonies

Question 14

city upon a hill

Answer 14

(1630) john winthrop’s vision for the mass bay colony and its moral values, puritan communities developed close knit societies based on devout church leadership

Question 15

bacon’s rebellion

Answer 15

(1676) diverse, low-class frontiersmen in virginia burned down jamestown, led to race becoming a determining factor for slavery

Question 16

post bacon’s rebellion

Answer 16

african slaves began replacing indentured servants as the main source of hard labor after governor berkeley decided not to help them in their ongoing conflicts with native americans

Question 17

triangular trade

Answer 17

created due to the growth in demand for african slaves, created social construct where race was a determining factor for slavery

Question 18

beaver pelts

Answer 18

competition for goods like it created continuous military conflicts, indigenous groups forced to make alliances with european powers

Question 19

mercantilism

Answer 19

the sole role of the colonies is to supply their mother country with goods and metals

Question 20

navigation acts

Answer 20

mandated that traded colonial goods were to be shipped to england alone on english ships, led to smuggling

Question 21

mission system

Answer 21

system spanish used to colonize the native americans, converted them to catholicism, spanishized native american traditions, and stuff

Question 22

pueblo revolt

Answer 22

(1680) the most successful native american rebellion in north american history, led by popé, forced the spanish to ease their methods and accept some elements of indigenous culture, driven out for 12 years

Question 23

beaver wars

Answer 23

conflict over beaver pelt by the french and the english in the ohio river valley

Question 24

iroquois confederacy

Answer 24

most powerful native american alliance during the beaver wars, either sided with the british or were neutral

Question 25

jamestown massacre

Answer 25

(1622) led by powhatan confederacy, increased violence and resentment against native americans, due to settlers moving west into native american land

Question 26

king philip’s war/metacom’s war

Answer 26

(1675-1676) massive conflict between natives and new england colonies, conflict prompted greater unity among the new england colonies and future strategies against native americans

Question 27

first great awakening

Answer 27

(1730s-1740s) massive religious revival, challenged established religious authorities for individualism and equality, fostered religious diversity and contributed to the development of an early “american” identity

Question 28

new lights vs old lights

Answer 28

experimental, individual worship vs traditionalism and order, both part of the ga

Question 29

jonathan edwards

Answer 29

preacher in the first ga, influenced ga