sem 1 exam 1 Flashcards
pre columbian indigenous groups
linked through trade networks, maize cultivation
cahokia, creek, choctaw
created permanent agricultural settlements
plains tribes
like crow, seasonally nomadic, followed buffalo herds for basic needs
beginning of european colonization in americas
arrival of columbus, 1492
columbian exchange
transatlantic trade of biological, environmental, and cultural goods
effects of columbian exchange
changed indigenous settlement patterns and livelihoods, exchange of dietary goods increased european nutrition and thus increase in population, spread of diseases (smallpox, measles, etc) had devastating effects of indigenous groups (they died)
encomienda
spanish system that relied on the enforced labor of the indigenous populations, sent them to the mines to extract gold
bartolome de las casas
wrote about the harsh treatment of indigenous groups within encomienda, writings were monumental in arguing for the humanity of indigenous ppl
jamestown
(1607) first successful english colonies in n. america, in virginia, sponsored by the virginia company of london
population of jamestown
mostly white male because hard labor was needed to work on crops
headright system
(1618) anyone who paid for a voyage to virginia received 50 acres of land, ppl with voyages paid for were indentured servants who were legally bounded by contracts
plymouth
(1620) second major english settlement, in mass, founded by dissenting pilgrims
mayflower compact
agreement of self-governance signed aboard the mayflower, first instance of self-governance in the colonies
city upon a hill
(1630) john winthrop’s vision for the mass bay colony and its moral values, puritan communities developed close knit societies based on devout church leadership
bacon’s rebellion
(1676) diverse, low-class frontiersmen in virginia burned down jamestown, led to race becoming a determining factor for slavery
post bacon’s rebellion
african slaves began replacing indentured servants as the main source of hard labor after governor berkeley decided not to help them in their ongoing conflicts with native americans
triangular trade
created due to the growth in demand for african slaves, created social construct where race was a determining factor for slavery
beaver pelts
competition for goods like it created continuous military conflicts, indigenous groups forced to make alliances with european powers
mercantilism
the sole role of the colonies is to supply their mother country with goods and metals
navigation acts
mandated that traded colonial goods were to be shipped to england alone on english ships, led to smuggling
mission system
system spanish used to colonize the native americans, converted them to catholicism, spanishized native american traditions, and stuff
pueblo revolt
(1680) the most successful native american rebellion in north american history, led by popé, forced the spanish to ease their methods and accept some elements of indigenous culture, driven out for 12 years
beaver wars
conflict over beaver pelt by the french and the english in the ohio river valley
iroquois confederacy
most powerful native american alliance during the beaver wars, either sided with the british or were neutral
jamestown massacre
(1622) led by powhatan confederacy, increased violence and resentment against native americans, due to settlers moving west into native american land
king philip’s war/metacom’s war
(1675-1676) massive conflict between natives and new england colonies, conflict prompted greater unity among the new england colonies and future strategies against native americans
first great awakening
(1730s-1740s) massive religious revival, challenged established religious authorities for individualism and equality, fostered religious diversity and contributed to the development of an early “american” identity
new lights vs old lights
experimental, individual worship vs traditionalism and order, both part of the ga
jonathan edwards
preacher in the first ga, influenced ga
