Self Efficacy Flashcards
1
Q
What is confidence/self efficacy?
A
- A ‘belief in your ability to master a specific situation’
2
Q
What is confidence based on according to Vealey?
A
- Personality: your level of competitiveness and achievement motivation
- Experience: amount of past success on the task and your belief in your ability to succeed in the future
- Situation: playing home or away
It relies on the interaction of all of the above as the combo of all three will affect confidence
3
Q
Trait vs State Confidence.
A
- Trait confidence: the belief in your ability to do well in a range of sports. It’s consistent, innate confidence shown in most situations
- State confidence: the belief in your ability to master a specific sporting moment. It’s situation specific, temporary as it can vary depending on the interaction of experience and personaility
- This is how a performer rates their ability to perform at a particular moment
4
Q
Vealey’s Model of self confidence.
A
- Looks at the influence of state and trait confidence, the situation and competitive orientation
- State/trait confidence combine to produce confidence in an Objective Sporting Situation (OSS)
- If it’s a skill you’ve completed successfully in the past, both state and trait confidence will be high but the OSS takes into account the conditions like crowd or pressure
- Performer evaluates result of performance
- Performer makes a judgement of how well they did, taking into account the OSS
- Result from that judgement may increase confidence and a good competitive orientation
- Means performer is prepared to try hard in most sporting situations and develop characteristics of approach behaviour meaning confidence gained in one area of sport may improve it in a different area of sport
- The judgement is known as Subective Outcome. If this is good then trait confidence and competitve orientation increase but if bad they decrease
5
Q
What is competitive orientation?
A
- How much a performer is drawn to challenging situations
6
Q
What is Objective Sporting Situations?
A
- The performance is a combo of the type of skill and situation skill it’s performed in
7
Q
How does competitive sporting situation affect confidence?
A
- Combines skill being performed with the situation it’s performed in
- Previously successful skill increases confidence
- Familiar situation such as playing home increases confidence
- Allows performer to evaluate outcome
- Increase confidence for next performance
- Maintains effort and task persistence
8
Q
What is the the self efficacy theory suggested by Bandura?
A
- According to Bandura, 4 factors affect confidence in any situation:
1) Performance accomplishments - what you’ve done before
2) Vicarious experience - seeing others doing it, most effective if of a similar ability - allows modelling and copying to occur
3) Verbal persuasion - reinforcement and encouragement, most effective from significant others
4) Emotional arousal - your interpretation of your level of anxiety - If all 4 factors are positive, then a highly satisfactory performance will be reached
9
Q
How can you improve confidence through performance accomplishments?
A
- Set realistic/achievable goals
- Allow early success in training
- Set performance goals (NOT OUTCOME)
- Point out past success
10
Q
How can you improve confidence through vicarious learning?
A
- Show accurate demo’s using role models
- Allow modelling/copying to occur
- Builds confidence by seeing a successful performer
- More effective is performer is of similar ability
11
Q
How can you improve confidence through verbal perssuasion?
A
- Avoid social comparison
- Coach one on one
- Use rewards
- Give reinforcement, praise, support, encouragement
- Attribute success internally to the athlete
12
Q
How can you improve confience through emotional arousal?
A
- Stress management techniques to control arousal
- Use mental practice, visualisation and imagery
13
Q
Homefield advantage
A
- Can cause both positive and negative reponses in both teams
- Effects of homefield advantage is bigger if crowd are close to the pitch, if crowd is big and more supportive
- The more hostile a crowd, the more negative the effect is for them
14
Q
Advanatges for home team…
A
- Support and encouragement
- Familiar environment = optimal arousal
- Increases confidence
- Increases motivation
- Social facilitation
- Functional assertive behaviour (more assertion and correct response)
- Leads to more attacking fluid play and more wins
- Home crowd pressures the away team (anxiety)
- No tiredness from travelling
- More success at home - medals at olympics for hosts
15
Q
Disadvantages for home team…
A
- Can ‘choke’ - increased pressure and expectation raises anxiety and decreases performance
- Social inhibition
- Evaluation apprehension
- Players put pressure on themselves due to being at home
