Selected Childhood Illnesses - Unit 4 Flashcards
What is failure to thrive?
Inadequate growth (weight that falls below 5th percentile), need family therapy, increased calories, etc.
The rate of SIDS has increased or decreased since the 1990’s?
DECREASED - due to sleeping habits, better education, we know that there are other things causing it, etc.
what is SIDS?
Sudden unexplained death of an infant younger than one year.
Is there a cause for SIDS?
possible brainstem abnormality regulating cardiorespiratory status.
what’s the trip risk hypothesis for SIDS?
underlying infant vulnerability.
critical incident during infant development.
Environment factor (heat?)
what are some risk factors for SIDS?
males, african americans/native americans, preemies/low birth weight, multiples, age 2-3 months, season (more prevalent in winter), smoke exposure, unsafe sleeping, over heating, young maternal age.
how do we prevent SIDS?
breastfeeding, pacifier use, supine position for sleep (back sleeping!!!), up to date immunizations
infants who are placed to sleep on their backs without having the position of their heads alternated are at risk for what condition?
Plagiocephaly - head is flat on their back of skull - maybe also bald.
suicide is the __ leading cause of death for adolescents.
Third
every year, there are approximately __ suicides per 100,000 youth.
What percentage of high school students report suicide ideation?
10.
25%
What are some risk factors for suicide?
Romanticizing death, substance abuse, domestic conflict, prior attempt, family history, antisocial/aggressive behavior, prior attempt, etc.
What is the single most important factor associated with increased suicide risk?
An existing active psychiatric disorder - depression, depression, substance abuse, etc.
What is the most commonly used instrument for completed suicides?
Firearms - boys.
Drugs (tylenol, etc.) for attempted (girls)
what are some screening questions for suicide?
do you consider yourself a more happy person, unhappy, etc.?
have you ever felt like hurting yourself? etc.
how is varicella spread?
resp secretions & lesions.
Is the varicella rash itchy?
YES. VERY ITCHY.
Macule, papule, and vesicle - - - all occuring at once during outbreak of varicella. T/F?
TRUE
varicella - contagious __ day before eruption of lesions.
1 day.
what are some complications of varicella?
Bacterial infections, encephalitis, varicella pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, encephalitis.
Varicella - starts in face + works way down. T/F?
TRUE
Give aspirin to varicella kids - T/F?
FALSE
What can be administered to high risk children who have been in contact with varicella?
Acyclovir, varicella zoster immune globulin.
What other treatment options can we give to someone with varicella?
calamine lotion, benadryl, oatmeal, put mittens on the hands to not itch, etc.
What is diptheria?
serious infection of the nose and throat. Spread by direct contact with discharge from nasopharynx - STANDARD and DROPLET precautions.
Resembles URI.
How do we manage diptheria?
equine antitoxin (make sure they don’t have a horse allergy!), antibiotics.
What are some complications of diptheria?
myocarditis, airway obstruction, septic shock.
what is erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) - Human papovirus
rash on face - looks like the kid was slapped. Transmitted by respiratory secretions and blood. Contagious before onset of symptoms. Followed by maculopapular red spots on face.
What are complications of fifth disease?
arthritis and arthralgia…..but keep pregnant people away!
mumps - transmitted how? most contagious when? symptoms?
transmitted through saliva.
Most contagious immediately before and after swelling.
Symptoms = earache!
what are some complications of mumps!
hearing loss, encephalitis, myocarditis, arthritis, hepatitis, sterility.
how is measles spread?
respiratory secretions!
measles - contagious __ days before rash appears.
4.
measles - symptoms?
malaise, inflammation of mucus membranes, fever, cough/coryza/conjunctivitis (classic triad), rash on face then spreads down - just NOT on palms/soles)
measles - koplik spots appear __ to __ days before rash and last _ to _ days
1-2 days.
1-3 days.
These are spots with a bluish white center seen on oral mucosa.
how do we manage measles? complications?
manage = supportive, Vitamin A, monitor and manage complications, manage fever/dehydration.
Complications = otitis media, pneumonia, obstructive laryngitis, diarrhea, dehydration, febrile seizures, encephalitis, keratitis and conjunctivitis.
the CDC recommends that all pregnant women receive tetanus diptheria (Tdap) vaccine during the 3rd trimester to provide infant protection until they receive their first immunization at 2 months of age. T/F?
TRUE
how is pertussis (whooping cough) spread?
spread by droplet or direct contact with discharge, typically RSV, respiratory symptoms for 1-2 weeks.
What are some symptoms of whooping cough?
Followed by dry cough, short/rapid coughs, followed by characteristic “whoop”
What are some complications of pertussis?… what about infants tho?
Dehydration, pneumonia, atelectasis, otitis, seizures, pulmonary hemorrhage.
Infants DO NOT have the whooping cough.
how is polio spread? how does it begin?
Spread by stool and oropharyngeal secretions? Begins with fever/sore throat/abdominal pain. Some develop severe pain and stiffness to neck/back/legs. Can develop paralysis.
What are complications of polio?
Permanent paralysis, respiratory arrest, complications of immobility.
how is german measles spread? contagious when? rash where?
spread by nasopharyngeal secretions/blood/urine/stool.
Contagious 1 week before symptoms.
Rash first appears on face and spreads to neck/arms/trunk/legs. Rash is pinkish read (maculopapular exanthema).
What are complications of german measles?
arthritis, encephalitis, teratogenic effects on fetus.
how is scarlet fever spread? contagious when? symptoms?
spread from nasopharyngeal secretions, contagious 2-5 days before illness - 2 weeks, abrupt high fever, tachycardia, vomiting, headache, abdominal pain, enlarged tonsils covered in exudate, WHITE STRAWBERRY TONGUE, red rash with pinhead sized lesions that are filled with puss.
What are complications of scarlet fever?
peritonsillar abscess, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis
What’s the mild form of scarlet fever?
scarletina.
multiple strep infections means an increased risk for what?
scarlet fever
what is stevens johnsons syndrome?
Erythema multiform exudativum, med/uri hypersensitivity, lesions of skin/mucous membranes appears after flu like symptoms. Can be ANYWHERE there is skin, not usually scalp. Inflammation of penis/throat/eyes appear before rash. Looks like a burn!
how do we manage SJS?
high fluid/nutritional needs, topical lidocaine for oral ulcers, IV morphine, eye exams
