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Peds - Spring 2016 > Selected Childhood Illnesses - Unit 4 > Flashcards

Selected Childhood Illnesses - Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is failure to thrive?

A

Inadequate growth (weight that falls below 5th percentile), need family therapy, increased calories, etc.

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2
Q

The rate of SIDS has increased or decreased since the 1990’s?

A

DECREASED - due to sleeping habits, better education, we know that there are other things causing it, etc.

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3
Q

what is SIDS?

A

Sudden unexplained death of an infant younger than one year.

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4
Q

Is there a cause for SIDS?

A

possible brainstem abnormality regulating cardiorespiratory status.

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5
Q

what’s the trip risk hypothesis for SIDS?

A

underlying infant vulnerability.
critical incident during infant development.
Environment factor (heat?)

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6
Q

what are some risk factors for SIDS?

A

males, african americans/native americans, preemies/low birth weight, multiples, age 2-3 months, season (more prevalent in winter), smoke exposure, unsafe sleeping, over heating, young maternal age.

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7
Q

how do we prevent SIDS?

A

breastfeeding, pacifier use, supine position for sleep (back sleeping!!!), up to date immunizations

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8
Q

infants who are placed to sleep on their backs without having the position of their heads alternated are at risk for what condition?

A

Plagiocephaly - head is flat on their back of skull - maybe also bald.

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9
Q

suicide is the __ leading cause of death for adolescents.

A

Third

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10
Q

every year, there are approximately __ suicides per 100,000 youth.

What percentage of high school students report suicide ideation?

A

10.

25%

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11
Q

What are some risk factors for suicide?

A

Romanticizing death, substance abuse, domestic conflict, prior attempt, family history, antisocial/aggressive behavior, prior attempt, etc.

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12
Q

What is the single most important factor associated with increased suicide risk?

A

An existing active psychiatric disorder - depression, depression, substance abuse, etc.

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13
Q

What is the most commonly used instrument for completed suicides?

A

Firearms - boys.

Drugs (tylenol, etc.) for attempted (girls)

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14
Q

what are some screening questions for suicide?

A

do you consider yourself a more happy person, unhappy, etc.?

have you ever felt like hurting yourself? etc.

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15
Q

how is varicella spread?

A

resp secretions & lesions.

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16
Q

Is the varicella rash itchy?

A

YES. VERY ITCHY.

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17
Q

Macule, papule, and vesicle - - - all occuring at once during outbreak of varicella. T/F?

A

TRUE

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18
Q

varicella - contagious __ day before eruption of lesions.

A

1 day.

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19
Q

what are some complications of varicella?

A

Bacterial infections, encephalitis, varicella pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, encephalitis.

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20
Q

Varicella - starts in face + works way down. T/F?

A

TRUE

21
Q

Give aspirin to varicella kids - T/F?

A

FALSE

22
Q

What can be administered to high risk children who have been in contact with varicella?

A

Acyclovir, varicella zoster immune globulin.

23
Q

What other treatment options can we give to someone with varicella?

A

calamine lotion, benadryl, oatmeal, put mittens on the hands to not itch, etc.

24
Q

What is diptheria?

A

serious infection of the nose and throat. Spread by direct contact with discharge from nasopharynx - STANDARD and DROPLET precautions.
Resembles URI.

25
Q

How do we manage diptheria?

A

equine antitoxin (make sure they don’t have a horse allergy!), antibiotics.

26
Q

What are some complications of diptheria?

A

myocarditis, airway obstruction, septic shock.

27
Q

what is erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) - Human papovirus

A

rash on face - looks like the kid was slapped. Transmitted by respiratory secretions and blood. Contagious before onset of symptoms. Followed by maculopapular red spots on face.

28
Q

What are complications of fifth disease?

A

arthritis and arthralgia…..but keep pregnant people away!

29
Q

mumps - transmitted how? most contagious when? symptoms?

A

transmitted through saliva.
Most contagious immediately before and after swelling.
Symptoms = earache!

30
Q

what are some complications of mumps!

A

hearing loss, encephalitis, myocarditis, arthritis, hepatitis, sterility.

31
Q

how is measles spread?

A

respiratory secretions!

32
Q

measles - contagious __ days before rash appears.

A

4.

33
Q

measles - symptoms?

A

malaise, inflammation of mucus membranes, fever, cough/coryza/conjunctivitis (classic triad), rash on face then spreads down - just NOT on palms/soles)

34
Q

measles - koplik spots appear __ to __ days before rash and last _ to _ days

A

1-2 days.

1-3 days.

These are spots with a bluish white center seen on oral mucosa.

35
Q

how do we manage measles? complications?

A

manage = supportive, Vitamin A, monitor and manage complications, manage fever/dehydration.

Complications = otitis media, pneumonia, obstructive laryngitis, diarrhea, dehydration, febrile seizures, encephalitis, keratitis and conjunctivitis.

36
Q

the CDC recommends that all pregnant women receive tetanus diptheria (Tdap) vaccine during the 3rd trimester to provide infant protection until they receive their first immunization at 2 months of age. T/F?

A

TRUE

37
Q

how is pertussis (whooping cough) spread?

A

spread by droplet or direct contact with discharge, typically RSV, respiratory symptoms for 1-2 weeks.

38
Q

What are some symptoms of whooping cough?

A

Followed by dry cough, short/rapid coughs, followed by characteristic “whoop”

39
Q

What are some complications of pertussis?… what about infants tho?

A

Dehydration, pneumonia, atelectasis, otitis, seizures, pulmonary hemorrhage.

Infants DO NOT have the whooping cough.

40
Q

how is polio spread? how does it begin?

A

Spread by stool and oropharyngeal secretions? Begins with fever/sore throat/abdominal pain. Some develop severe pain and stiffness to neck/back/legs. Can develop paralysis.

41
Q

What are complications of polio?

A

Permanent paralysis, respiratory arrest, complications of immobility.

42
Q

how is german measles spread? contagious when? rash where?

A

spread by nasopharyngeal secretions/blood/urine/stool.

Contagious 1 week before symptoms.

Rash first appears on face and spreads to neck/arms/trunk/legs. Rash is pinkish read (maculopapular exanthema).

43
Q

What are complications of german measles?

A

arthritis, encephalitis, teratogenic effects on fetus.

44
Q

how is scarlet fever spread? contagious when? symptoms?

A

spread from nasopharyngeal secretions, contagious 2-5 days before illness - 2 weeks, abrupt high fever, tachycardia, vomiting, headache, abdominal pain, enlarged tonsils covered in exudate, WHITE STRAWBERRY TONGUE, red rash with pinhead sized lesions that are filled with puss.

45
Q

What are complications of scarlet fever?

A

peritonsillar abscess, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis

46
Q

What’s the mild form of scarlet fever?

A

scarletina.

47
Q

multiple strep infections means an increased risk for what?

A

scarlet fever

48
Q

what is stevens johnsons syndrome?

A

Erythema multiform exudativum, med/uri hypersensitivity, lesions of skin/mucous membranes appears after flu like symptoms. Can be ANYWHERE there is skin, not usually scalp. Inflammation of penis/throat/eyes appear before rash. Looks like a burn!

49
Q

how do we manage SJS?

A

high fluid/nutritional needs, topical lidocaine for oral ulcers, IV morphine, eye exams

Peds - Spring 2016 (29 decks)

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