Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds - Spring 2016 > Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders (Part 1) - Unit 2 > Flashcards

Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders (Part 1) - Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Infants younger than 6 weeks do not produce tears. T/F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In an infant, a sunken fontanel may indicate what? Also, what ages?

A

12-18 months is when it closes, and then it could mean dehydration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Infants are dependent on others to meet their fluid needs and they also have limited ability to dilute and concentrate urine. T/F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The smaller the child, the greater the proportion of body water to weight and proportion of extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid. T/F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Infants have a smaller proportional surface area of the GI tract than adults. T/F?

A

FALSE - larger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Infants have a greater body surface area and higher metabolic rate than adults. T/F?

A

TRUE - they also can lose more water through sweating, breathing, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GI tract not mature until __ to ___ months.

Eruption of teeth at __ months.

A

4-6 months.

6 months.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Infants liver - mature. T/F?

Infant doesn’t have as good of ability as we do at storing glycogen. T/F?

A

FALSE - it doesn’t detoxify like ours.

TRUE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Absorption - most occurs where? how?

A

Small intestine, via osmosis,carrier-mediated diffusion, active energy-drive transport (pump)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the large intestine absorb? What does bacteria do?

A

Water, sodium, bacteria are here (they help with the normal flora)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes an increased need for fluid?

A

Fever, diarrhea, vomiting, burns, shock, sickle cell disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What causes a decreased need for fluid?

A

Renal failure/disease, CHF, post-op, increased ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the long holiday-segar calculation?

A

1st 10kg X 100 =
2nd 10kg X 50 =
20kg + x 20 =

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dehydration - what is the most common type?

A

Isotonic (meaning water and fluid are lost in the same proportion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some signs of dehydration?

A

Dry skin and mucus membranes, poor skin turgor, sunken eyes, depressed anterior fontanel (but that closes at 12-18 months), gray or ashen in color, rapid and weak pulse, decreased BP (late), oliguria (maybe diapers aren’t being changed as often, that’s how you might catch it!), dry mucus membranes, irritability, delayed cap refill, modeling (visible veins).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

With dehydration, BP is maintained until late stages. T/F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most common type of shock in children?

A

Hypovolemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kind of shock is characterized by reduction in peripheral vascular resistance, inadequate tissue perfusion, and decreased blood return to the heart?

A

Distributive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the three types of distributive shock?

A

Sepsis, neurogenic, anaphylactic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does compensated shock mean?

A

Cardiac output and BP are increased

21
Q

How do we manage shock?

A

ventilation (lungs are very sensitive to shock), fluids, vasopressive support (improves pumping of heart - Epi, Dopamine, etc.)

22
Q

We always bolus a child with D5W - T/F?

A

FALSE - we NEVER EVER EVER EVER EVER do it.

23
Q

For shock, we give isotonic crystalloid, normal saline, or lactated ringers. T/F?

A

True

24
Q

Bolus amount - what is it?

A

10-20 ml/kg over 15-20 minutes.

25
Q

After bolus, what do we do?

A

Assess - cap refill, color, etc.

26
Q

Don’t add potassium to Dw5 until urinary output is seen. T/F?

A

TRUE

27
Q

What are some complications of shock?

A

Cerebral edema (D5W bolus), acidosis (shock creates lactic acid), renal ischemia (low blood flow), ARDS, GI perforation, DIC, electrolyte embalance

28
Q

What is gastroenteritis?

A

A group of clinical syndromes manifested by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It’s inflammation of the stomach and intestines.

29
Q

What virus typically causes gastroenteritis?

A

Rotavirus

30
Q

What are some predisposing factors for gastroenteritis?

A

Poor sanitation, improper handling of food, daycare, antibiotics, previous bowel surgery (gets rid of flora/shortens area), hospital acquired, presence of other infectious processes, etc.

31
Q

Viral agents that cause gastroenteritis - more common in ____.

A

Winter.

32
Q

Viral agents and gastroenteritis - what ones are common? Age?

A

Rotavirus (6-24 months), Norwalk (all ages), adenovirus.

33
Q

bacterial agents that cause gastroenteritis - more common when? What type of symptoms?

A

Summer.

Mild to severe symptoms.

34
Q

Bacterial agents that cause gastroenteritis - what are they?

A

Salmonella, shigella, e-coli.

35
Q

Hypernatremia in dehydration - what doe the skin look like? What are some symptoms?

A

Warm, “doughy” skin texture.

Hypertonia, hyperreflexia, and lethargy with irritability when touched. Kids don’t look as bad as they are!

36
Q

Hypokalemia in dehydration - what are some symptoms?

A

Weakness, ileus with abdominal distention, cardiac arrhytmia’s.

37
Q

How do we manage gastroenteritis?

A

Assess dehydration, oral rehydration, avoid fluids with high carb and low electrolyte values, monitor skin, discourage anti-diarrheal agents,protect skin, etc.

38
Q

Gastroenteritis - give gatorade. T/F?

A

FALSE - give pedialyte.

39
Q

Should kids have pepto?

A

NO

40
Q

Increase PO fluids if diarrhea increases..and do it slowly. T/F?

A

TRUE

41
Q

Should kids with gastroenteritis be on strict I/O?

A

YES

42
Q

Constipation - what is it?

A

Difficulty passing hardened stool!

43
Q

Constipation - may occur when transitioning from formula/beast milk to cow’s milk. T/F?

A

True

44
Q

Constipation - more common for babies. T/F?

A

FALSE - no, toddler years.

45
Q

How do we manage constipation?

A

Diet, exercise, behavior modification, water between meals.

46
Q

What is encopresis?

A

SEVERE constipation - retention of stool with recurrent soiling. Basically, kids don’t want to poo poo so they hold it!

47
Q

What are the criteria for diagnosing encopresis?

A

Must occur monthly for at least 3 months and must be at least 4 years old.

48
Q

Are kids with encopresis fearful of pooping?

A

Yes

49
Q

How do we treat encopresis?

A

Lubricants, diet, enema’s and psychotherapeutic intervention

Peds - Spring 2016 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions