Select Diseases 2 Flashcards
How many new diseases are discovered per year?
5
Top 8 zoonotic diseases in the US:
Influenza, Salmonella, West Nile, Plague, Rabies, Lyme, Brucellosis, SARS
What is Erysipelas?
When the infection spreads from the vesicles to the lymph nodes. When this happens, it’s no longer considered Impetigo.
Death of tissue
Necrosis
What are the stages of disease for smallpox?
1- macule
2- papule
3- vesicle
4- pustule
5- crust
6- scar
What is the first disease to be eradicated globally?
Smallpox
With _______, the virus becomes ______(______) within ______ _____ _____
With chickenpox, the virus becomes latent (dormant) within sensory nerve endings
3 different forms of botulism
- Foodborne (spores found in canned foods)
- Infant (develops from spores in intestines)
- Wound
Botulism: end result (foodborne, infant, and wound)
Paralysis
Floppy baby syndrome is caused by what disease
Botulism
Infants under 1 yr old should not consume ____ because they might get _____ ____ _____
honey, floppy baby syndrome
Botulism: what does the neurotoxin actually do?
Prevents the release of Acetylcholine
Clinical uses of Botulism
- Wrinkles
- Hyperhidrosis
- Migranes
What can be used to diagnose tetanus?
Spatula test
A spatula test is used to diagnose what disease?
Tetanus
Where do you still find polio today?
Pakistan and Nigeria
4 possible conditions of Polio (signs/symptoms)
Asymptomatic infections
Minor polio
Nonparalyic polio
Paralytic polio
Asymptomatic infections (polio):
almost 90% of cases
Minor polio
nonspecific symptoms like fever or headache
Nonparalytic polio
muscle spasms and back pain
Paralytic polio
produces paralysis by stopping action potential, recover in 6-24 months
The 4 possible conditions of polio all can lead to
Postpolio syndrome, a muscle deterioration 30-40 years after initial infection
Postpolio syndrome affects ____ of those who have had polio
80% of those who have had polio
2 types of rabies
Furious and paralytic
Highest incidence of rabies occurs in
bats, skunks, raccoons foxes, and domesticated
Treatment of rabies:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis: Vaccination for ____-____ individuals
Post-exposure: Treated by injecting human rabies immunoglobulin. The important thing to note is that rabies is one of the..
Pre-exposure prophylaxis: Vaccination for high-risk individuals
Post-exposure: Rabies is one of the few diseases that uses a vaccine as part of treatment
There are _____ _____ for _______ ________. Vaccines are required for all students in Texas _____ under the age of ____
There are vaccinations available for Bacterial Meningitis. Vaccines are required for all students in Texas colleges under the age of 35
Bacterial Meningitis/Neisseria meningitides is also known as _________
meningococcus
In Bacterial Meningitis, _________ releases ______ into the body which triggers an ____ _______
In Bacterial Meningitis, blebbing releases lipid A into the body which triggers an inflammatory response
All 3 types of meningitis lead to
high fever and stiff neck
Virus that causes an Encephalitis
West Nile
Tularemia is AKA
Rabbit fever
2 forms of plague
Bubonic plague and Pneumonic plague
Bubonic plague
- Buboes (enlarged painful lymph nodes)
Enlarged painful lymph nodes
Buboes
Pneumonic plague
- involves lungs
- can spread
With Lyme disease, the ______ tick is responsible for transmitting it to humans
nymph
Which virus is BSL-4
Ebola virus
Sickle cell provides resistance to what disease?
Malaria
Malaria life cycle:
Sporozoite
Merozoite
Trophozoite
Toxoplasmosis- 2 main groups of concern
pregnant women and AIDS patients
What’s the concern with Toxoplasmosis?
The vertical transmission to fetus
Infectious Mononucleosis is also known as the
kissing disease
Infectious Mononucleosis impacts
B cells
Long-term concern with Infectious Mononucleosis
Can lead to cancer (lymphoma)
The unique _____ with Diptheria is called _____
The unique division with Diphtheria is called snapping
Stages of whooping cough
- Incubation
- Catarrhal
- Paroxysmal
- Convalescent
Respiratory Syncytial Virus is also known as
Croup
Respiratory Syncytial Virus causes ______ to form in the lungs. This is defined as a..
syncytium= giant multinucleated cell as infected cells fuse
Leading infectious disease cause of death worldwide:
Tuberculosis
What is considered to be the next eradicated disease (after smallpox)?
Polio
Tuberculosis can be diagnosed with a _______ ____ ____ which identifies ____
Tuberculosis can be diagnosed with a tuberculin skin test which identifies exposure
Tuberculosis has a presence of ______ ____ in the _____ ____
Tuberculosis has a presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall
3 types of Tuberculosis:
Primary tuberculosis
Secondary tuberculosis
Disseminated tuberculosis
The envelope (RNA) in influenza contains _______ and _______ molecules
Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)
Four phases of syphilis (progresses from one to the next)
Primary syphilis- hard, painless lesion (Chancre)
Secondary syphilis- widespread rash (can include palms/soles)
Latent syphilis- asymptomatic
Tertiary syphilis- dementia, blindness, gummas
