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Microbiology > Select Diseases 2 > Flashcards

Select Diseases 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many new diseases are discovered per year?

A

5

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2
Q

Top 8 zoonotic diseases in the US:

A

Influenza, Salmonella, West Nile, Plague, Rabies, Lyme, Brucellosis, SARS

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3
Q

What is Erysipelas?

A

When the infection spreads from the vesicles to the lymph nodes. When this happens, it’s no longer considered Impetigo.

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4
Q

Death of tissue

A

Necrosis

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5
Q

What are the stages of disease for smallpox?

A

1- macule
2- papule
3- vesicle
4- pustule
5- crust
6- scar

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6
Q

What is the first disease to be eradicated globally?

A

Smallpox

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7
Q

With _______, the virus becomes ______(______) within ______ _____ _____

A

With chickenpox, the virus becomes latent (dormant) within sensory nerve endings

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8
Q

3 different forms of botulism

A
  • Foodborne (spores found in canned foods)
  • Infant (develops from spores in intestines)
  • Wound
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9
Q

Botulism: end result (foodborne, infant, and wound)

A

Paralysis

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10
Q

Floppy baby syndrome is caused by what disease

A

Botulism

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11
Q

Infants under 1 yr old should not consume ____ because they might get _____ ____ _____

A

honey, floppy baby syndrome

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12
Q

Botulism: what does the neurotoxin actually do?

A

Prevents the release of Acetylcholine

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13
Q

Clinical uses of Botulism

A
  • Wrinkles
  • Hyperhidrosis
  • Migranes
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14
Q

What can be used to diagnose tetanus?

A

Spatula test

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15
Q

A spatula test is used to diagnose what disease?

A

Tetanus

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16
Q

Where do you still find polio today?

A

Pakistan and Nigeria

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17
Q

4 possible conditions of Polio (signs/symptoms)

A

Asymptomatic infections
Minor polio
Nonparalyic polio
Paralytic polio

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18
Q

Asymptomatic infections (polio):

A

almost 90% of cases

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19
Q

Minor polio

A

nonspecific symptoms like fever or headache

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20
Q

Nonparalytic polio

A

muscle spasms and back pain

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21
Q

Paralytic polio

A

produces paralysis by stopping action potential, recover in 6-24 months

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22
Q

The 4 possible conditions of polio all can lead to

A

Postpolio syndrome, a muscle deterioration 30-40 years after initial infection

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23
Q

Postpolio syndrome affects ____ of those who have had polio

A

80% of those who have had polio

24
Q

2 types of rabies

A

Furious and paralytic

25
Q

Highest incidence of rabies occurs in

A

bats, skunks, raccoons foxes, and domesticated

26
Q

Treatment of rabies:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis: Vaccination for ____-____ individuals

Post-exposure: Treated by injecting human rabies immunoglobulin. The important thing to note is that rabies is one of the..

A

Pre-exposure prophylaxis: Vaccination for high-risk individuals

Post-exposure: Rabies is one of the few diseases that uses a vaccine as part of treatment

27
Q

There are _____ _____ for _______ ________. Vaccines are required for all students in Texas _____ under the age of ____

A

There are vaccinations available for Bacterial Meningitis. Vaccines are required for all students in Texas colleges under the age of 35

28
Q

Bacterial Meningitis/Neisseria meningitides is also known as _________

A

meningococcus

29
Q

In Bacterial Meningitis, _________ releases ______ into the body which triggers an ____ _______

A

In Bacterial Meningitis, blebbing releases lipid A into the body which triggers an inflammatory response

30
Q

All 3 types of meningitis lead to

A

high fever and stiff neck

31
Q

Virus that causes an Encephalitis

A

West Nile

32
Q

Tularemia is AKA

A

Rabbit fever

33
Q

2 forms of plague

A

Bubonic plague and Pneumonic plague

34
Q

Bubonic plague

A
  • Buboes (enlarged painful lymph nodes)
35
Q

Enlarged painful lymph nodes

A

Buboes

36
Q

Pneumonic plague

A
  • involves lungs
  • can spread
37
Q

With Lyme disease, the ______ tick is responsible for transmitting it to humans

A

nymph

38
Q

Which virus is BSL-4

A

Ebola virus

39
Q

Sickle cell provides resistance to what disease?

A

Malaria

40
Q

Malaria life cycle:

A

Sporozoite
Merozoite
Trophozoite

41
Q

Toxoplasmosis- 2 main groups of concern

A

pregnant women and AIDS patients

42
Q

What’s the concern with Toxoplasmosis?

A

The vertical transmission to fetus

43
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis is also known as the

A

kissing disease

44
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis impacts

A

B cells

45
Q

Long-term concern with Infectious Mononucleosis

A

Can lead to cancer (lymphoma)

46
Q

The unique _____ with Diptheria is called _____

A

The unique division with Diphtheria is called snapping

47
Q

Stages of whooping cough

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Catarrhal
  3. Paroxysmal
  4. Convalescent
48
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus is also known as

A

Croup

49
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus causes ______ to form in the lungs. This is defined as a..

A

syncytium= giant multinucleated cell as infected cells fuse

50
Q

Leading infectious disease cause of death worldwide:

A

Tuberculosis

51
Q

What is considered to be the next eradicated disease (after smallpox)?

A

Polio

52
Q

Tuberculosis can be diagnosed with a _______ ____ ____ which identifies ____

A

Tuberculosis can be diagnosed with a tuberculin skin test which identifies exposure

53
Q

Tuberculosis has a presence of ______ ____ in the _____ ____

A

Tuberculosis has a presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall

54
Q

3 types of Tuberculosis:

A

Primary tuberculosis
Secondary tuberculosis
Disseminated tuberculosis

55
Q

The envelope (RNA) in influenza contains _______ and _______ molecules

A

Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)

56
Q

Four phases of syphilis (progresses from one to the next)

A

Primary syphilis- hard, painless lesion (Chancre)
Secondary syphilis- widespread rash (can include palms/soles)
Latent syphilis- asymptomatic
Tertiary syphilis- dementia, blindness, gummas

Microbiology (17 decks)

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