Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What will a slant look like if it’s sterile?

Contaminated?

A

Sterile = no growth on the surface
Contaminated = growth on surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Provides a sturdy flat surface to support/steady the microscope

A

Base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Located in the base. The light from the lamp passes directly upward through the microscope

A

Substage light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Located on the base or arm. This dial allows you to adjust the intensity of the light passing through the specimen

A

Light control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The platform that the slide rests on while being viewed

A

Stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Holds the slide in position for viewing and has two adjustable knobs that control the precise movement of the slide

A

Mechanical stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Small non-magnifying lens located beneath the stage that concentrates the light on the specimen

A

Condenser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A shutter within the condenser that can be controlled by a lever to adjust the amount of light passing through the condenser

A

Iris diaphragm lever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Allows you to make large adjustments to the height of the stage to initially focus the specimen

A

Coarse adjustment knob

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Used for precise focusing once the initial coarse focusing has been completed

A

Fine adjustment knob

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Attaches to the nosepiece to support the objective lens system. Also provides attachment of the eyepieces which house the ocular lens.

A

Head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vertical portion of the microscope. Connects the base and the head.

A

Arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rotating mechanism connected to the head. Generally carries four objective lenses.

A

Nosepiece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Attached to the nosepiece

A

Objective lenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4 objective lenses:

A

Scanning (4x)
Low-power (10x)
High-power (40x)
Oil immersion (100x)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The part of the microscope that magnifies the image produced by the microscope’s objective so that it can be seen by the human eye.

Magnification power of 10x

A

Ocular lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The measure of a len’s ability to capture light from the specimen and use it to make the image is called the ____ _____

A

numerical aperture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Order of threads

A

Top- red
Middle- blue
Bottom- yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Explain what the letter E looked like microscopically

A

The e flips upside down and backwards when viewed on a microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Total magnification for each objective lens

A

Scanning (4x) = 40x
Low-power (10x) = 100x
High-power (40x) = 400x
Oil immersion (100x) = 1000x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define resolution

A

The clarity of an image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define limit of resolution

A

The actual measurement of how far apart 2 points must be for the microscope to view them as separate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

As the limit of resolution is made smaller, the resolution

A

improves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Colony Morphology- shape

A

circular
rhizoid
irregular
filamentous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Colony Morphology- margin

A

(margin is the outer edges)
entire
undulate
lobate
filamentous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Colony Morphology- elevation

A

flat
raised
convex
umbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Colony Morphology- size

A

punctiform
small
moderate
large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Colony Morphology- texture

A

smooth
rough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Colony Morphology- appearance

A

shiny
dull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Colony Morphology- pigmentation

A

nonpigmented (cream, tan, white)
pigmented (purple, red, yellow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Colony Morphology- optical property

A

opaque
transparent/translucent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

BSL-1

A

-minimal threat
-standard microbiological practices (PPE; coat, gloves, eyewear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

BSL-1 example

A

Bacillus Subtilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

BSL-2

A

-moderate health risk
-recommended to work in a biological safety cabinet (to minimize splash)
-coat, gloves, eyewear, and facemask

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

BSL-2 example

A

Salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

BSL-3

A

-serious/lethal disease
-required to work in a biological safety cabinet
-coat, gloves, eyewear, facemask, and respiratory protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

BSL-3 example

A

Rabies virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

BSL-4

A

-lethal/life-threatening
-lab access restricted, shower in/out
-special ventilation systems
-required to work in a biological safety cabinet
-full body PPE (air-supplied pressure suit)

39
Q

BSL-4 example

A

Ebola virus

40
Q

Compare 0 to 4

A

0 is good, 4 is bad

41
Q

Color coding for a chemical hazard label

A

Blue: health hazard
Red: fire hazard
Yellow: reactivity

42
Q

How is a spill cleaned?

A
  1. Cover any culture spills with paper towels.
  2. Soak the towels immediately with disinfectant and allow them to stand for 20 minutes.
  3. Report the spill to your instructor.
  4. When you are finished, place the towels in the container designated for autoclaving.
43
Q

What disinfectant is used in our lab?

A

10% bleach

44
Q

What agent was the best at controlling microbes?

A

Benzalkonium

45
Q

What agent was the worst at controlling microbes?

A

Triclosan

46
Q

What is the mechanism of action of triclosan? Which types of microbes did this control?

A

-Fatty acid biosynthesis
-Antiviral, antifungal

47
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Chlorhexidine? Which types of microbes did this control?

A

-Destroys the cell membrane
-Antiviral, antiprotozoal, antibacterial, and antifungal

48
Q

What was the purpose of plates 7 and 8 described in the procedure for exercise 2.1?

A

To act as the control

49
Q

Disease-causing

A

Pathogen

50
Q

When a microbe benefits their host

A

Mutualism

51
Q

When the microbe benefits and has no significant effect on their host

A

Commensal

52
Q

Strains that are capable of producing a disease state if introduced into a suitable part of the body (even includes some mutualistic/commensal strains)

A

Opportunistic

53
Q

Any area where a microbe resides and serves as a potential source of infection. This also includes sites outside of the host organism.

A

Reservoir

54
Q

Capsule

A

Primary stain- Congo red (stains the background)
Counter stain- Maneval’s stain (stains the cells)
Ex: Bacillus anthracis

55
Q

Endospore:
Central

A

endospore is in the middle of the cell

56
Q

Endospore:
Terminal

A

endospore is at the end of the cell

57
Q

Endospore:
Subterminal

A

endospore is between the end and middle of the cell

58
Q

How to determine whether an endospore is spherical or elliptical

A

An endospore that is circular = spherical
An endospore that is oval = elliptical

59
Q

Endospore

A

Primary stain: Malachite green
Counterstain: Safranin
Ex: Geobacillus

60
Q

2 types of flagella to identify

A

amphitrichous and peritrichous

61
Q

Amphitrichous flagella

A

flagella at both ends of the cell
Ex: Spirillum volutans

62
Q

Peritichous flagella

A

flagella surrounding the entirety of the cell
Ex: Proteus vulgaris

63
Q

What is the primary stain for flagella?

A

Ryu stain

64
Q

Cell morphology- shape

A

Coccus: spheres
Bacillus: rods
Spirillum: spirals

65
Q

Cell morphology- arrangement

A

Diplo-
Strepto-
Tetra-
Staphylo-

66
Q

Diplo-

A

pairs of either cocci or bacilli

67
Q

Strepto-

A

chains of either cocci or bacilli

68
Q

Tetrads-

A

cocci in a group of 4

69
Q

Staphylo-

A

cocci in a cluster-looking shape (resembles grapes)

70
Q

Describe a basic dye

A
  • Positive ion
  • Attracted to the negative charges on most bacterial cells
71
Q

What is the purpose of heat fixing?

A

It attaches bacteria to the slide and kills it

72
Q

Axenic

A

pure- not contaminated or is a single species

73
Q

This is a plate that is the control- is it axenic?

A

No

74
Q

This is a plate, one colony grew- is it axenic?

A

Yes

75
Q

Aseptic

A

free of contamination

76
Q

What are the three main types of solid media?

A

Petri plates, slant tubes, and deep tubes

77
Q

Describe how to prepare a smear:

A

-Label the slide and draw a circle on the bottom of the slide
-Place a small drop of water on the slide
-Collect the sample and smear it over the slide
-Let the sample air dry
-Wave the slide over the fire 2-3 times (heat fix)
-It’s now ready to be stained

78
Q

What appearance will a broth have if sterile? contaminated

A

Contaminated = turbulent (cloudy)
Sterile = clear
*The more turbid a culture, the greater the bacterial population

79
Q

What appearance will a broth have if sterile? contaminated

A

Contaminated = turbulent (cloudy)
Sterile = clear
*The more turbid a culture, the greater the bacterial population

80
Q

What appearance will a broth have if sterile? contaminated

A

Contaminated = turbulent (cloudy)
Sterile = clear
*The more turbid a culture, the greater the bacterial population

81
Q

Define colony:

A

A visible mass of microbial cells arising from a single microbial species

82
Q

What is the goal in a streak plate?

A

To produce isolated colonies

83
Q

Describe the steps in a gram-stain

A
  1. Flood slide with crystal violet (1 min)
  2. Rinse
  3. Iodine (1 min)
  4. Rinse
  5. Drip alcohol for 10-30 secs
  6. Safranin
  7. Rinse
  8. Dry with bibulous paper
84
Q

Primary stain

A

stains all cells purple; crystal violet

85
Q

Mordant

A

intensifies the color of the primary stain; iodine

86
Q

Decolorizer

A

removes the purple color from only the gram-negative bacteria; alcohol

87
Q

Counterstain

A

Turns the colorless gram-negative bacteria pink; safranin

88
Q

Gram-positive color

A

purple

89
Q

Gram-negative color

A

pink

90
Q

Failure to add the iodine in a gram stain

A

All bacteria may appear gram-negative

91
Q

Failure to apply the decolorizer in a gram stain

A

All bacteria may appear gram-positive (all stained purple)

92
Q

Failure to apply the safranin in a gram stain

A

Only the purple gram-positive bacteria would be seen

93
Q

Reversal of crystal violet and safranin stains

A

Both G+ and G- would be purple

94
Q

If you saw large, eukaryotic cells in the preparation made from your gumline, they were most likely your own epithelial cells. Are you gram-positive or gram-negative?

A

Gram-negative (most eukaryotic cells are G-)

Microbiology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions