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Nursing II > Seizures > Flashcards

Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnostic procedures

A

EEG, MRI, CAT scan, Blood tests, Lumbar puncture, Spect

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2
Q

EEG

A

Records electrical patterns of brain, identifies seizure type, identifies focus or source of seizure

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3
Q

EEG nursing actions

A

explain test, make sure hair is clean, electrodes will be attached to scalp with paste, instruct parents that child may have seizure during test

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4
Q

Cat scan

A

computerized tomography, contrast dye may be injected, computerized photos of brain are shown

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5
Q

Cat scan nursing actions

A

explain procedure, check for allergies (iodine), kids may receive a sedative bc they have to lie still for a long time, no special prep

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6
Q

Blood tests

A

cbc, electrolytes, liver function studies(gotta know this!)

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7
Q

Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)

A

performed to diagnose infection, removal of CSF by needle aspiration

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8
Q

Lumbar nursing actions preprocedure

A

written consent explained by dr with nurse as witness, determine patient ?s, have patient go to bathroom prior

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9
Q

Lumbar nursing actions during procedure

A

assist patient in position on side (knee to chest) or sitting up (chest down to knees with back arched like a cat), nurse holds patient to help maintain position entire time of procedure

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10
Q

Lumbar puncture nursing actions postprocedure

A

refer to hospital policy, research no definite benefits to bedrest after a spinal tap, bedrest is determined by dr doing spinal tap, monitor for complications: H/A, voiding difficulties, increased temp, backache, neck stiffness

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11
Q

Lumbar puncture complications

A

H/A after sitting up bc dr took too much CSF out. In order to stop it they have to inject patients own blood in spinal column, voiding difficulties, increased temp, backache, stiffness of neck, Rare: herniation of brain contents, spinal abscess, spinal hematoma, meningitis

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12
Q

Status Epilepticus

A

a series of generalized seizures that occur without full recovery of consciousness between attacks. Medical emergency. can last 30 mins

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13
Q

SPECT diagnostics

A

helps identify epileptic zone so it can be removed in surgery

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14
Q

Partial seizures

A

focal seizure, involve one area of brain

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15
Q

types of partial seizures

A

simple partial seizures & complex partial seizures

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16
Q

Simple partial seizures

A

remains conscious, usually reports aura, eyes/head turn from side of focus, psychic experiences, smells, pain

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17
Q

Complex partial seizures

A

loss of consciousness (few secs), unaware of behavior, don’t remember event when its over, involves series of rxns or emotional changes (ex they might just cry), complex sensory changes (Hallucinations, mental distortion, changes in personality), involuntary urination, chewing/lip smaking, diarrhea, onset usually late teens

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18
Q

Grand mal also called

A

tonic-clonic

19
Q

Petit mal also called

A

absence seizures

20
Q

Generalized seizures

A

both hemispheres are involved so you get a loss of consciousness

21
Q

Generalized seizures examples

A

Tonic-clonic, Absence, Myoclonic, Febrile, Status Epilepticus

22
Q

Tonic-clonic 4 phases

A

aura, tonic, clonic, postictal

23
Q

Aura phase

A

subjective, may happen hrs before actual seizure, recognizable sensation before a seizure-signals to patient that their going to have seizure

24
Q

tonic phase

A

10-20 secs involuntary muscular tension or contraction during seizure. Immediate loss of consciousness resulting in falls

25
Q

clonic phase

A

30 secs. alternately contracting and relaxing the muscles during a seizure. Appears as an aggressive spasm

26
Q

Postictal phase

A

occurs AFTER seizure, may have symptoms of H/A, sleep, amnesia, remain confused for several hrs, speech probs, this phase is reflective of what type of seizure that has occurred, recovery phase

27
Q

Neonate examples of known causes of having seizures

A

Trauma & anoxia, metabolic disorders (hypoglycemia <40), Neonatal infection (herpes), Kernicterus

28
Q

Febrile seizures temp

A

102-104: give kid motrin at night bc it lasts longer, cool kid down with tepid(lukewarm) h2o, have kid see dr to rule out meningitis, EEG is usually normal

29
Q

Antiepileptic meds can do what to fetus?

A

create fetal anomalies

30
Q

Females are most likely to have a seizure during what?

A

seizures increase during periods

31
Q

Absence seizures

A

involve abrupt 3-5 sec periods of loss of consciousness, loss of consciousness seems like they are day dreaming, more common in kids, usually no muscle involvement, seldom falls, no incontinence, amnesia for episode may need to repeat whatever was said during episode

32
Q

Absence seizures start at what age?

A

3 & frequently disappear by puberty

33
Q

Atonic (Akinetic) seizures

A

sudden loss of muscle tone (can slip under water if in bath), unable to break fall, injury could result, momentary loss of consciousness

34
Q

Myoclonic seizures

A

short, sporadic periods of muscle contractions that last for several minutes, no loss of consciousness, no postictal state, are, often secondary seizures, can be asymmetrical or symmetrical

35
Q

Status Epilepticus treatment/nursing actions

A

notify DR immediately, establish patent airway, apply o2 as warranted, IV Valium (Diazapam) or Ativan as ordered, IV Dilantin (Phenytoin) and Phenobarbital may be ordered

36
Q

Why is IV Valium (Diazapam) or Ativan ordered during a Status Epukepticus?

A

to stop motor movement -check respiration status frequently

37
Q

When giving IV Dilantin (Phenytoin) never give more than ___mg/hr to prevent cardiac arrhythmias

A

50mg/hr

38
Q

What is used as a last resort for treatment of Status Epilepticus?

A

General anesthesia

39
Q

AFTER Status Eilepticus is over what are some nursing actions?

A

side-lying position, insertion of N/G tube to prevent aspiration, monitor BP & cardiac status, prevent hyperthermia, observe for s/s of med toxicity

40
Q

Surgical interventions for Status Epilepticus

A

corpus callostomy is severed, removal of sections or lobes of brain responsible (focus) for seizure activity

41
Q

Nursing diagnosis: Potential for Injury goal and nursing actions

A

Goal: Patient will be free from injury if seizure occurs. Nursing actions: 02 & suctioning at bedside, IV access, Padded side rails

42
Q

Nursing diagnosis: Ineffective coping goal and nursing actions

A

Goal: patient will begin to develop strategies to cope with diagnosis before discharge. Nursing actions: support, identify past coping strategies, relieve anxiety thru teaching

43
Q

An example of a barbiturate antiseizure med

A

Phenobarbital

Nursing II (16 decks)

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