Cancer Part II Flashcards
wide or radical excisions
removal of the primary tumor, lymph nodes, adjacent involved structures, & surrounding tissues that may be at high risk for tumor spread
local excision
removal of the mass & a small margin of normal tissue that is easily accessible
debulking
remove entire tumor or as much as possible
prophylactic surgery
removing nonvital tissues or organs that are likely to develop cancer
colectomy
surgical resection of the colon
mastectomy
removal of the breast
radiation
interrupts cellular growth
brachyterapy
internal radiation, can be implanted by seeds. the father the target tissue if from the radiation source= the lower the dose
teletharapy
external radiation
what should be in the room if a radiation implant becomes unlogged?
metal forceps & a lead-lined container
why is radiation given over several weeks
to allow healthy tissue to repair & to achieve greater cell kill by exposing cells to the radiation as they begin active cell division
3 phases of the cell cycle are most radiosensitive
end of G1 phase, G2 phase, M phase
side effects of radiation
hair follicle damage, Gi & GU cell damage, Damage to testes & ovaries, skin & muscle damage, Radiation Pneumonia, bone marrow suppression
thrombocytopenia
a decrease in platelets
Alkylanying agents
non-cell specific, Cytoxin, Leukeran. Used orally
Nitrosources
cell-nonspecific. cross blood brain barrier. Used in tumors
Cytoxin & Leukeran
Used in blood & lymph node cancers
Antimetaabolics
cell-specific. Kill in S phase
Hormones & Hormone Antagonist
cell non-specific
Plant Alkaloids
cell-specific. Kill in M phase
Chlorambucil (Leukeran) side effects & special considerations
bone marrow depression. monitor WBC count
Cytoxan side effects & special consideration
bone marrow depression, anorexia, n/v, stomatitis, alopecta, fluid intake is encourage
cells most effected by chemo
mucus membranes, hair, bone marrow, organs, reproductive organs
side effects of chemo
Bone marrow suppression, stomatitis, mucositis, n/v, diarrhea, anorexia, alopecia, skin rxns, extravasation
Epogen
subq or IV. Treatment of Anemia associated with renal failure & patients on dialysis or anemia associated with chemo. Used to increase RBC. not used in emergencies
Procrit
subq 3x a week. used to treat anemia associated with cancer chemo
leukopenia
decreased WBC
