Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing II > Hepatitis/Liver > Flashcards

Hepatitis/Liver Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

Liver Functions (8)

A

PDSM (People Drink SO Much)
1. Produces: ABC (Albumin, Bile & coag factors) 2. Detoxes 3.Stores glycogen 4.Metabolizes. Aluminum is a biproduct of food that is metabolized and leaves in urine
It also Maintains blood osmotic pressure (BP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

RUQ, has 4 lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the liver made of?

A

Hepatocytes- liver cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes the liver special?

A

It has a dual blood supply. It receives blood from the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery. It therefor has venous & arterial blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Jaundice

A

caused by the livers inability to secrete & metabolize bilirubin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Complications of Portal hypertension?

A

Ascites & gastroesophageal varices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ascites

A

Third space fluid in abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gastroesophageal Varices

A

Veins in esophagus expand. varicose veins in esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

symptoms of Ascites

A

Increased abdominal girth, weight gain, swelling of the lower extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ascites Treatment

A

Sodium restriction, diuretics, transjugular intraphepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), or paracentesis (only temporary removal of fliud)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ascites pathway

A

cirrhosis of liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hepatitis definition

A

inflammation of the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Severe hepatitis can cause?

A

Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 phases of Jaundice?

A

Preicteric Phase, Icteric Phase, Postictric Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Preicteric Phase

A

Occurs prior to onset of jaundice, flulike symptoms, GI upset, n/v, diarrhea, anorexia, pain, h/a, muscle aches, polyarthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Icteric Phase

A

Onset of jaundice, pruritis, light colored stools, brown urine, decrease in preicteric symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Postichtric Phase

A

Serum bilirubin & enzymes return to normal, increase in energy, pain subsides, GI symptoms subsides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hep A transmission

A

fecal-oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hep A Incubation period

A

15-45 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hep A Risk factors

A

day care, employee/prisions/dd facilities, travel to foreign contries, young adults, person with clotting factor disorders, persons with chronic liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Types of Liver tests

A

Liver scan, liver biopsy, serum anti-body testing, enzyme levels (LDH, ALP etc. when enzymes are elevated this indicates that there is liver cell damage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Causes of inflammation of the liver

A

Alcohol, toxins, cholestasis, viral infections,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Decrease in Vitamin A causes what?

A

night blindness & skin and eye changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Decrease in riboflavin causes what?

A

skin & mucus lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Decrease in vitamin K causes what?

A

spontaneous bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Chronic Liver disease for Hep A?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Are there vaccines for hep A & prophylaxis IGG?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Symptoms of Hep A

A

fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Management of Hep A?

A

Usually occurs at home unless symptoms are severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hep A Antibodies (Anti-HAV)

A

indicates past infection (will have for life)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

IgM anti-HAV

A

indicates present acute infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Transmission of Hep B

A

Parenteral, sexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Incubation period of Hep

A

30-150 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hep B risk factors

A

IV drug use, blood transfusion, young adults,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Chronic liver disease for Hep B?

A

yes & carrier state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Vaccine & prophylaxis for Hep B?

A

Yes,& there are HBIG prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

S/S for Hep B

A

May be insidious & variable. Abdominal pain, dyspepsia (upper abdominal discomfort), generalized aching, malasie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Treatment goals for hep B

A

to prevent replication of active hep B virus (viral suppression) & reduce the effects of chronic liver inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Lab work-HBsAG

A

surface antigen. If this is positive=you have the disease. Used to screen for Hep B. Can identify it before s/s appear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Lab work - HbeAG

A

An antigen that correlates with viral activity (replication) and is used to determine infectiousness of chronic carriers. Used to monitor effectiveness of treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Lab work- Anti-HBs

A

Used to detect previous exposure to Hep B or to see if you need the vaccine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Lab work- Anti-Hbe

A

Antibody present in chronic carriers but not indicative of viral replication activity

43
Q

Lab work- Anti-HBc-IgM

A

An antibody to the Hb core antigen & indicates current infection. First antibody that is produced after infection

44
Q

Hep C Transmission

A

Primarily parenteral

45
Q

Hep C incubation period

A

15-180 days

46
Q

Risk factors for Hep C (9)

A

IV drug use, Blood transfusions, multiple sex partners, hemodialysis, Receiving blood products or organ transplant before 1992, receiving clotting factor before 1987, a child born to a mother infected with HCV, past Rx of chronic hemodialysis

47
Q

Chronic liver disease for hep C?

A

questionable

48
Q

Vaccines for hep c?

A

No

49
Q

Leading cause of liver disease and is the primary indication for liver transplant?

A

Hep C

50
Q

Occurs primarily through injection of drugs and thru transfusion of blood products prior to 1992

A

Hep C

51
Q

Most patients with acute or chronic hep C are symptomatic or asymptomatic?

A

Asymptomatic

52
Q

Treatment available for Hep C?

A

Antiviral therapy

53
Q

Lab work -Anti-HCV

A

Is the antibody to hep c & is accurate in detecting chronic state of the disease

54
Q

Hep D Trransmisson

A

Parenteral

55
Q

Hep D incubation period

A

uncertain

56
Q

Risk factors for hep D

A

Only individuals with hep B are at risk for Hep D

57
Q

Chronic Liver Disease for Hep D?

A

Yes

58
Q

Vaccine for Hep D

A

Hep B Vaccine

59
Q

Syptoms of Hep D

A

Similar to Hep B, progress to chronic active hep &Cirrhosis

60
Q

Hep D needs what to replicate?

A

Needs hepatitis surface antigen to replicate

61
Q

Lab work - HDAg

A

is the marker for the delta antigen and is detectable in early infection (Hep D)

62
Q

Lab work - Anti-HDV

A

is the antibody and is present during current or previous infection (Hep D)

63
Q

Hep D Treatment

A

Interferon, Pegylated interferon Alfa for 12 months

64
Q

Hep E transmission route

A

Fecal-oral route

65
Q

Hep E incubation period

A

2-6 weeks

66
Q

Hep E Risk Factors

A

Similar to hep A

67
Q

Chronic liver disease for hep E?

A

No

68
Q

Vaccines for Hep E?

A

None available, hep E very rare

69
Q

Hep E most common in….

A

Developing countries, Asia, middle east, Overcrowded Temporary Housing after Natural Disasters, Refugee camps

70
Q

Hep E persons at risk

A

Older Adolescents, young adults, children infected have mild or no s/s, pregnant women have severe illness: Fulminant hep or dealth, older men in developed countries

71
Q

How Hep E is diagnosed

A

Confirmed only by presence of Antibody to HEV RNA, clinically not distinguishable from other hepititis

72
Q

Hep E treatment

A

resolves on its own, supportive treatment of symptoms

73
Q

Hep G persons at risk

A

Persons with bleeding conditions, Hemophilia, any other requiring large amounts of blood, hemodialysis, needles, infected mom to newborn, sexual transmission

74
Q

Hep G treatment

A

Complex and costly, DNA test, Test development underway: Problem is once antibody is present the virus itself has disappeared

75
Q

Chronic Hepatitis results from?

A

Usually from HBV or HCV

76
Q

Will Chronic Hep progress to cirrhosis?

A

may or may not

77
Q

How to diagnose Chronic Hep?

A

liver biopsy

78
Q

Chronic Hep symptoms

A

Malaise, mild fatigue, hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)

79
Q

Hepatoxicity definition

A

The quality of a substance which makes it toxic to liver cells

80
Q

Toxic Hepatitis

A

Hep produced by a hepatotoxin, carbon, tetrachloride, or any various drugs

81
Q

Amanita phalloides

A

Hepatotoxin example

82
Q

Drug-induced Hepatitis

A

most common cause of acute liver failure in the us, ranges from mild to fulminant liver failure

83
Q

Leading cause of drug induced Hepatotoxity

A

acetaminophen

84
Q

Other causes of drug induced Hepatotoxity

A

Anesthetic agents, medications for rheumatic disease, Musculoskeletal disease, antidepressants, psychotrophic medications, anticonvulsants, anti-TB agents

85
Q

When does Hepatotoxity start?

A

First day of use or month later?

86
Q

onset S/S of hepatotoxity (7)

A

Abrupt chills, fever, rash, pruritis, arthralgia, anorexia, nausea

87
Q

Later S/S of hepatotoxity (4)

A

Jaundice, Dark urine, Enlarged & tender liver

88
Q

What do you do if you have hepatotoxity (4)

A

stop medication, evaluate for liver damage, possible referral to liver transplant center, possibly a short course of High Dose of corticosteroids

89
Q

What should the nurse know about the prevention of hepatotoxicity? (3)

A

understand the clearance of medications & observe patients for signs of further deterioration. Must know what meds have a high “first pass effect” thus use meds that are injectable

90
Q

Fulminant Hepatic Failure

A

liver failure

91
Q

Causes of Fulminant Hepatic Failure

A

HAV,HBV,HEV, Acetaminohen overdose

92
Q

Life expectancy for Fulminant Hepatic Failure

A

less than 7 days

93
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Acute infectious disease of lymphatic system

94
Q

Lymph system includes:

A

nodes, spleen, tonsils

95
Q

Mononucleosis cause by what virus

A

Epstien-Barr Virus (EBV) herpes virus group

96
Q

Mononucleosis transmission

A

oral contact, blood transfusion

97
Q

Early symptoms of Mononucleosis

A

Vague, fatigue, strep throat

98
Q

As mononucleosis progresses, s/s include:

A

malaise, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, anorexia, nausea, petechial rash, enlarged liver and spleen

99
Q

Diagnosis of Mononucleosis (5)

A

Abnormal liver enzymes, s/s, mono spot test to determine lymphocytosis, positive heterophil agglutination test, positive EBV antibody test

100
Q

Mononucleosis treatment

A

nonspecific, treat symptoms: analgesics, bed rest, warm NS gargles, avoid constipation to avoid increasing portal BP, antibiotic for strep throat,

101
Q

Mononucleosis timelife

A

Disease is self limiting 1-3 wks

102
Q

When would steroids be administered to a patient with mononucleosis?

A

if life threatening complications occur ie hepatic disfunction, neuro or thrombocytopenia

103
Q

Portal Hypertension

A

Hepatic veins cant get into liver. Its blocked off so the vein eventually builds up with blood.(hence hypertension)

Nursing II (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions