Seizures

Question 1

What is a seizure

Answer 1

Uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons in brain that will interrupt a persons normal function. Sometimes company other disorders

Transient

Question 2

What are the two types of generalized onset seizures

Answer 2

Tonic clonic or absent

Question 3

What are the two types of focal onset seizures

Answer 3

Focal seizure with retained awareness or focal seizure with impaired awareness

Question 4

Tonic clonic seizure

Answer 4

Both sides of brain affected. Tonic is deafening for 10 to 20 seconds. Conicas jerking for 30 to 40 seconds. Loss of consciousness, usually falling to ground. Salivating, diaphoresis, tongue biting, incontinence can occur. Post active state can occur for hours. No memory of experience

Question 5

Absent seizure

Answer 5

Both sides of the brain. Rarely occur beyond adolescence. Can resemble daydreaming, usually lasts less Then 10 seconds. Unresponsive when spoken to during this time

Question 6

Focal onset seizure with retained awareness

Answer 6

One side of brain affected, no loss of consciousness, less than a minute long, unusual sensation that can take on many forms. Joy, anger, sadness, nausea, may hear smell taste or see things that are not real.

Question 7

Focal onset seizure without retained awareness

Answer 7

One side of brain. Eyes open, loss of consciousness or change in awareness. Can feel like dreaming. Make movements that seem purposeful but cannot interact with observer. Can result in people walking in the traffic, taking off clothes, other nonsensical actions. Can last one to two minutes. Tired and configured afterwards

Question 8

What are the four phases of a seizure

Answer 8

Prodromal, aural, ictal, post-ictal

Question 9

EEG

Answer 9

Ideal to get within 24 hours of a seizure, helpful only if abnormal

Question 10

First aid during a seizure

Answer 10

ABC. Assure airway, suction and provide breathing assistance PRN. Ensure safety measures such as pads on the bed rails, never put an object in a patient’s mouth, do not restrain movements unless it is placing a patient in danger, stay with person until seizure ends, turn head to side as possible

Question 11

status epilepticus

Answer 11

Prolonged seizure greater than five minutes, or repeated seizures over the course of 30 minutes. Airway number one concern. Call rapid response team then to ICU for monitoring if not resolved. Seizure greater than 10 minutes can cause death. Iv lorazepam or diazepam is the drug of choice

Question 12

In which seizure medication can cause gingival hyperplasia

Answer 12

Phenytoin

Question 13

Vagal nerve stimulation

Answer 13

Surgical intervention, called the peacemaker of the brain. Placed under skin on chest wall, wire runs to Vegas nerve in neck. Prevent seizure by sending pulses to brain