multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
Definition of multiple sclerosis
Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes demyelination and axonal injury. Consists of remissions and exacerbations, potentially disabling disease. The piece is highly variable and many atypical forms
Clinical manifestations of MS
Cognitive problems, spasticity, intention tremors, hearing loss, tinnitus, sexual dysfunction, nystagmus, depression, fatigue, bowel problems such as constipation, heat intolerance, pain, diplopia, visual loss, gait disturbance, Lhermitte sign
What is Lhermitte sign
Electric shock like sensation that runs down the back and or limbs upon flexion of the neck
What is included in the screening and diagnosis of MS
O Obtain medical history and in-depth neurological exam including gait, posture, coordination and balance. MRI, evoked potential test to measure nerve Censations, lumbar puncture test to check CSS for increased white blood cells and proteins
Diagnosis of MS requires evidence of one of these patterns
Two or more episodes of an exacerbation separated by one month and lasting more than 24 hours with subsequent recovery.
Or
clinical history of clearly defined exacerbations and remissions with or without complete recovery followed by progression of symptoms over a period of at least six months.
Or
slow and stepwise progression of symptoms over at least five months
Three goals of drug therapy for a patient with MS
Modify the disease process, treat acute relapses, manage symptoms
All treatment is highly individualized
Teaching
How to recognize on triggers such as as infection, trauma, stress, changing environment.
Encourage rest reduce fatigue.
Exercise includes regular aerobic, improve strength, muscle tone and coordination along with helping depression. Swimming is a good option
Avoid extreme heat, air-conditioned cool environments are good.
Keep a well balanced diet keep immune system strong.
Maintain normal daily activities.
Stay connected with family and friends.
Continue hobbies.
Join support group.
Maintain physical health as much as possible cause that can impact your mental health
