Seed Dispersal and Fruits Flashcards
What is a seed?
A fertilized ovary.
What is a fruit?
Structures derived from carpel tissue - especially the ovary wall.
What is a simple fruit?
1 flower; 1 ovary (may be simple ovary of 1 carpel or compound ovary of mult. fused ovaries.)
What is an aggregate fruit?
1 flower; multiple separate carpels.
What is a multiple fruit?
Made up of multiple flowers.
What is an accessory fruit?
Includes parts other than ovary.
What kinds of fruits are fleshy? (3 categories)
- Berry. 2. Drupe. 3. Pome.
What kinds of fruits are dry and dehiscent? (4 categories)
- Follicle. 2. Legume. 3. Silique. 4. Capsule.
What kinds of fruits are dry and indehiscent? (5 categories)
- Achene. 2. Grain. 3. Nut 4. Schizocarp. 5. Samara.
What is a berry?
Fleshy, 1 ovary (may be 1 carpel or multiple fused carpels). Usually many seeded.
What are examples of berries?
Grapes, blueberries, tomatoes, peppers.
What is a drupe?
Fleshy. 1 seed. Inner layer of fruit is stony,
What are examples of drupes?
Peach, plum, cherry, mango, and olive
What is a pome?
Fleshy, many seeds. Accessory fruit = carpals plus fused other flower parts.
What is a follicle? How many openings does it have?
Dry, dehiscent. 1 carpel. Opens on one edge.
What is an example of a follicle?
Milkweed.
What is a Legume? How many openings does it have?
Dry, dehiscent. 1 carpel. Splits along both sides.
What is an example of a Legume?
Peas.
What is a Silique?
Mustard family. 2 fused carpels. Opens along two sides.
What is a Capsule? How many openings does it have?
Dry, dehiscent. Compound ovary of multiple carpels. Various kinds of openings.
What is an example of a capsule?
Opium poppy.
What is an achene?
Dry, indehiscent. Single-seeded. Seed lies free in the cavity of the fruit (not fused).
What is an example of an achene?
Sunflower “seed”.
What is a Grain (grass family)?
Dry, indehiscent. Single-seeded. Seed fused to fruit wall.
What is a nut?
Dry, indehiscent. Hard fruit wall. Derived from a compound ovary. Usually, only one seed survives.
