Bacteria Flashcards
How are Archaea different in reference to Bacteria?
They are different based on their ribosomal DNA and RNA. Their membrane lipids are different too.
What kind of membrane does an Archaean have?
Ether-bonded isoprenes.
What kind of membrane does a bacteria have?
Ester-bonded fatty acids.
What photosystems do cyanobacteria have?
Photosytems 1 and 2
What bacteria can split water for electrons? Which can not.
Photoautotrophic Bacteria, such as purple and green sulfur bacteria. Cyanobacteria can.
What do anaerobic Photoautotrophic bacteria (like the sulfur bacteria) use to split electrons?
H2S
Why can’t Anaerobic Photoautotrophic bacteria split water?
They don’t have both photosystems.
Can cyanobacteria fix nitrogen?
Many can.
What kind of bacteria is Cyanobacteria?
Photoautotrophic
Do heterotrophic fix nitrogen?
Yes, they live in environments of commonly low 02, so they need to be able to fix nitrogen.
What mediates nitrogen fixation in heterotrophic bacteria?
A form a hemoglobin called, Heme.
How does horizontal gene transfer via conjugation occur?
It involves the transfer of DNA material via a sexual pilus and requires cell-to-cell contact.
What are the three groups of bacteria?
Heterotrophic, Chemoautotrophic, Photoautotrophic.
How does horizontal gene transfer via induction mediated by a virus (transduction) occur?
Involves the transfer of DNA from one bacterium into another via bacterophages.
How does horizontal gene transfer via transformation occur?
Involves the uptake of short fragments of naked DNA by naturally transformable bacteria.
