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Botany 130 > Angiosperms > Flashcards

Angiosperms Flashcards

1
Q

What characteristics do angiosperms have?

A

Xylem with vessels, flowers with stamens and carpels. Ovules and carpels develop into fruits.

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2
Q

What is the stamen? What two parts make it up?

A

Microsporophyll with four sporangia. It consists of the anther and the filament.

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3
Q

What are carpels?

A

Megasporophyll enclosing the ovules.

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4
Q

Describe the evolution of carpels.

A

A leaf with sporangia folded over to create a single fused carpel. Over time, there were three fused carpels.

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5
Q

What is the embryo sac?

A

A mature megagametophyte.

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6
Q

Describe the evolution of stamens.

A

A modified leaf surrounding 2 sporangia containing 2 pollen sacs. Over time, The sprangia surrounded the leaf. The leaf part is reduced.

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7
Q

How can double fertilization occur? (2)

A
  1. One sperm unites with the egg to form the diploid zygote. 2. One sperm unites with two polar nuclei to form the endosperm.
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8
Q

What is the endosperm?

A

A triploid storage of tissues of tissues.

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9
Q

How many cotyledon(s) does a monocot have? How many flower parts?

A

They have 1 cotyledon. And they have flower parts in threes.

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10
Q

Do monocots have true secondary growth?

A

No.

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11
Q

Do eudicots have true secondary growth?

A

Yes.

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12
Q

What are the vascular bundles in eudicots like? What about in monocots?

A

Eudicots have vascular bundles in a ring. Monocots have scattered vascular bundles.

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13
Q

How many cotyledon(s) do eudicots have?

A

Two.

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14
Q

What three parts make up the carpal?

A

Stigma, style, and ovary.

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15
Q

In the anther, what undergoes meiosis to form what?

A

The microspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to create 4 microspores.

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16
Q

In the anther, what undergoes mitosis to form what?

A

The microspores undergo mitosis to create the male gametophyte (pollen).

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17
Q

What two cells make up the male gametophyte?

A
  1. Tube cell (makes tube through style to ovary). 2. Generative cells (creates sperm cells).
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18
Q

What structures are contained in the ovary?

A

Ovules.

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19
Q

How are megaspores created in the ovule?

A

From the megaspore mother cell undergoing meiosis.

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20
Q

How are eggs formed in the ovule?

A

They result from meiosis of megaspores.

21
Q

What is the evolutionary significance of petals, nectar, and fragrance?

A

To attract pollinators.

22
Q

How many sperm does the generative cell create?

A

Two.

23
Q

What leads to the endosperm (the nutritive tissue)?

A

When 1 sperm unites with 2 polar nuclei.

24
Q

Are the endosperm in gymnosperms haploid, diploid, or triploid? What about angiosperms?

A

Gymnosperms have haploid endosperms. Angiosperms have triploid endosperms.

25
Q

What becomes the seed coat in angiosperms?

A

The ovule.

26
Q

What constitutes a seed?

A

The embryo, food reserves (endosperm), and seed coat.

27
Q

What becomes the fruit?

A

The ovary (not ovule).

28
Q

What are eudicots?

A

One clade of dicots that have pollen with 3 openings.

29
Q

What does the zygote develop into?

A

Forms large basal cell (forms suspensor) and small apical cell (gives rise to embryo)

30
Q

What are three types of “basal angiosperms”?

A

Amborella, water lilies. and magnolids.

31
Q

What are the carpels on Amborella like?

A

They are glued together, not fused.

32
Q

Are Amborella monoecios or dioecious?

A

Dioecious.

33
Q

Do amborella have vessels?

A

No, only tracheids.

34
Q

What are examples of monocots?

A

Rice, wheat, maize, grasses.

35
Q

What kind of venation do monocots have?

A

Parallel.

36
Q

What kind of venation do eudicots have?

A

Net-like.

37
Q

What kind of plants are considered to be eudicots?

A

Many fruits and vegetables.

38
Q

What is a calyx?

A

The collective Sepals

39
Q

What is a corolla?

A

The collective petals.

40
Q

What are flowers?

A

A determinate shoot that bears sporophylls, which are sporangium-bearing leaves.

41
Q

What becomes the fruit wall?

A

The carpel.

42
Q

What is a perfect flower?

A

Have both stamens and carpels (bisexual).

43
Q

What is an imperfect flower?

A

Have either stamens, or carpels.

44
Q

What is a monoecious plant?

A

Has both types of imperfect flowers on the same plant.

45
Q

What are complete flowers?

A

Have all 4 floral whorls.

46
Q

What are the four floral whorls?

A

Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.

47
Q

What are incomplete flowers?

A

Lacking one of the 4 floral whorls.

48
Q

What is a Tapetum?

A

It adds a lipid-rich coat to the surface layer of the pollen grain and the spaces within it.

49
Q

What is the tapetum formed by?

A

The innermost layer of the pollen sac wall.

Botany 130 (19 decks)

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