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GEOS-101 > Sediment Transport > Flashcards

Sediment Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Dissolved salts that travel until they fall out or PRECIPITATE

A

Chemical Sediment

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2
Q

Grains of rock and mineral that get carried until they DEPOSIT

A

Clastic Sediment

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3
Q

What are the different ways that chemical sediments can form?

A

Direct (chemical) precipitation

Biogenic (organic) precipitation

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4
Q

All the grains are the same exact size

A

Well sorted Sandstone

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5
Q

Rock version of rounded sediment (internal chunks)

A

Conglomerate

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6
Q

Rock version of angular sediment

A

Breccia

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7
Q

What are the four main agents of sediment transport?

A
  1. Water (most common)
  2. Wind (most distinctive)
  3. Glaciers
  4. Gravity
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8
Q

Which of these transport mechanisms creates the best sorted and roundest sediment?

A

Wind Transport

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9
Q

How do Sedimentary Rocks form?

A
  1. Old bedrock breaks down
  2. Sediment travels and changes
  3. Sediment settles down
  4. Sediment hardens into rock
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10
Q

New minerals drop out of water

A

Direct (chemical) precipitation

Examples: Evaporates (halite, gypsum) chert (pure silica)

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11
Q

Organisms extract minerals from water to build bones or shells

A

Biogenic (organic) precipitation

Examples: Carbonates, chert

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12
Q

Types of Clastic Sediment

A

Gravel (Rock fragments)
Sand/Silt (mostly quartz)
Mud/Clay (formed during weathering)

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13
Q

Many different grain sizes are mixed up

A

Poorly-sorted sandstone

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14
Q

Jagged corners break off as grains hit each other. Angular grains become smooth rounded grains

A

Sediment Rounding

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15
Q

Grains are spherical

A

Rounded Sediment

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16
Q

Grains are jagged

A

Angular Sediment

17
Q

Sediment Cleaning
What happens?
What are the three steps?

A

As grains travel, unstable minerals break down
Dark rock fragments vanish first
Pink feldspar turn to chalky clay
Finally only pure white quartz is left

18
Q

Occurs in mass movement.
Moves sediment only a short distance from source
Little rounding, no cleaning or sorting

A

Gravitational Transport

19
Q

Sediment is frozen in ice during a transport
Can move sediment a long way without change
LIttle rounding, no cleaning, or sorting

A

Glacial Transport

20
Q

Causes physical change (rounding, sorting)
Also causes chemical change (cleaning)
More changes occur

A

Water Transport

21
Q

Only fine sediment (sand, silt) can be moved
Physical changes occur but no chemical change
Well-sorted, well rounded, and colorful sand

A

Wind Transport

GEOS-101 (36 decks)

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