Igneous Rocks Flashcards by Nicole Brennan

Q

Melted rock

A

Magma

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Q

What starts as melted rock or magma?

A

Igneous Rocks

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Q

Rocks erupt and cool down fast

A

Volcanic

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Q

Rocks stay underground and cool slowly

A

Plutonic

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Q

Cool fast at the surface

A

Volcanic Rocks

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Q

What kind of rocks have tiny or no crystals (dull)

A

Volcanic

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Q

What kind of rocks have large crystals (sparkly)

A

Plutonic

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Q

Chemistry controls color, lighter elements have:

A

Lighter mineral colors

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Q

Chemistry controls color, heavier elements have:

A

Darker mineral colors

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Q

Chemistry controls color, a mix of heavy and lighter elements have:

A

Salt and pepper

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Q

Chemistry controls color, VERY heavy elements

A

Green minerals

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Q

Simpler minerals form at?

A

High T

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Q

More complex minerals form at?

A

Moderate T

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Q

Very complicated minerals form at

A

Lower T

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Q

Melting continental crust makes

A

Felsic magma at low temperature

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Q

Melting ocean crust makes

A

intermediate magma at moderate temperature

Q

Melting mantle makes

A

MAFIC & ULTRAMAFIC magma high temperature

Q

what is the Bownes Reaction Series?

A

Heavy magma freezes solid at high T

Intermediate magma freezes solid at medium T

Light magma freezes solid at lower T

Q

Basalt

A

Mafic=dark minerals

Fast-cooling-dull

Q

Gabbro

A

Mafic=dark minerals

Slow-cooling=sparkly

Q

Peridotite

A

Ultramafic=green olivine

Sloe-cooling=sparkly

Q

Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks

A

Basalt, Gabbro, and Periodotite

Q

Intermediate Rocks

A

Andesite and Diorite

Q

Andesite

A

Intermediate=salt & pepper

Fast-cooling=dull

Q

Diorite

A

Intermediate=salt & pepper

Slow-cooling=sparkly

Q

Felsic Rocks

A

Rhyolite and Granite

Q

Rhyolite

A

Felsic=gray, pink, and white colors

Fast-cooling=dull

Q

Granite

A

Felsic=gray, pink, white colors

Slow-cooling=sparkly