Sedatives, Anxiolytics & Hypnotics - BARBS Flashcards
Sedatives, anxiolytics and hypnotics all do what to the CNS?
Depress it!
Sedatives, anxiolytics & hypnotics can cause 3 things:
Reduction in anxiety
Sedation
Sleep
Sedatives, anxiolytics & hypnotics are commonly used to treat: (4)
Anxiety
Panic disorders
Insomnia
OCD
Three groups?
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Non-benzodiazepines
These are also used to treat seizure disorders
Barbiturates
T/F Barbiturates have been largely replaced by benzodiazepines.
TRUE
Barbiturates are often still used in…
Pre-operative circumstances
Sedatives, anxiolytics & hypnotics have what common positive characteristics?
General calming effect
Redux anxiety & apprehension
Cause drowsiness & induce sleep
In contrast, what common negative effects?
Significant potential for abuse
Withdrawal symptoms
Dependence
Affect SYMPTOMS but not PATHOLOGY
T/F Barbiturates are capable of producing all levels of CNS depression from mild sedation to death.
TRUE
In the case of death it is usually RT:
Respiratory Depression
These drugs depress exicitability of…
Pre & Post-synaptic membrane in cerebral cortex & limbic system.
In advance of sleepiness they may produce..
Sense excitement & euphoria
Barbiturates ________ motor activity & produce _____ & _______.
Decrease, sedation & drowsiness
T/F perception is clear on barbiturates.
False - Cloudy
A good nights sleep on barbiturates? Y/N?
No - suppress REM sleep
Absorbed well in GI tract?
Yes!
Peak onset ranges from __-__ depending on drug. Fast acting!
15-60 minutes
Duration may be as long as __-__ hours.
10-12
If PO not available, barbiturates may be given…
Rectally
In addition to rectally, available in what preparations?
Oral/IM
Tolerance of barbiturates develops in…
1-2 weeks
Trouble with early tolerance is it may lead to..
Dependence
Short Acting (2) PS
Pentobarbital
Secobarbital
Intermediate Acting (1) (A)
Amobarbital
Long Acting (2) MP
Mephobarbital
Phenobarbital
Side effects of barbs?
Extensions of CNS depression
Dizziness, unsteadiness, drowsiness, hangover
The higher the barbiturate dose…
The higher the risk of side effects!
When using barbiturates beware mixing with
Other CNS depressants, as can lead to dangerous respiratory depression
If on birth control?
Barbiturates will decrease effectiveness of estrogen drugs, including oral contraceptives
When used with these 2 it causes an increased effect & longer duration of barbiturates.
Valproic Acid & Cimetidine
