Sedativ-Hipnotice Flashcards

1
Q

Benzodiazepinele

A

Efecte - inlatura: anxietate, emotivitate, astenie, insomnie, palpitaii, tulburari digestive
Pot fi miorelaxante prin deprimarea reflexelor medulare - contraindicate in Miastenia Gravis

Indicatii:
Afectiuni neuropsihice insotite de anxietate
Manifestari psihosomatice/psihovegetative
Insomnie
Pregatirea pt operatie/ postoperator
Alcoolism acut
Convulsii
Mai ales la batrani pot apare reactii adverse paradoxale = fix pentru ce tratezi (anxietate,convulsii,iritabilitate,confuzie)

Toxicitate si risc de dependenta mai scazut ca la barbiturice

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2
Q

Nitrazepam
Flurazepam
Flunitrazepam
Triazolam

A

derivati benzodiazepinici - sedativ hipnotice rapide de durata medie
Preferate ca Hipnotice - nu reduc atat de mult somnul REM

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3
Q
Diazepam
Clordiazepoxidul
Bromazepam
Oxazepam
Lorazepam
A

Benzodiazepine preferate ca anxiolitice

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4
Q

Fenobarbital

A

creste metabolismul sarurilor biliare si secretia lor - coleretic - indicat in hiperbilirubinemie
Inductor al citocromului P450
Scade activitatea anticoagulantelor orale, antidiabeticelor orale, digitoxinei si a altor h. steroizi

Hipnotic - 100mg la culcare
Sedativ - 15-30mg de 2-3 ori pe zi
Anticonvulsivant - injectabil i.m sau i.v

Toleranta - dupa 1-2 sapt de tratament (autoinductie enzimatica)
Produce dependenta si sindrom de abstinenta ( in special compusii cu durata scurta de actiune)
DL = 3-10g - stop respirator, colaps circulator

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5
Q

Hidroxizina

A

“alt sedativ”
sedativ, anxiolitic, antiemetic, antihistaminic
durata 6-8h
adm orala : 50-100mg/zi
preferat in dermatologie pt efectul antihistaminic - “linisteste pacientul cu prurit suparator”

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6
Q

Zolpidem

A

hipnotic administrat intern (5-10mg)

nu are alt efect - toleranta buna

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7
Q

Zopiclona

A

Hipnotic - pt varstnici si hepatici
seamana cu benzodiazepinele
+ ef sedativ, anxiolitic, miorelaxant, anticonvulsivant

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8
Q

Zaleplon

A

Se leaga de receptorii benzodiazepinici
Hipnotic pentru cazuri de insomnie severa ce duce pacientul la un grad extrem de epuizare
Administrat pt maxim 2 sapt - R adverse nasoale:
amnezie, parestezii,depresie, halucinatii, hiperacuzie etc

Contraindicatii -> insuficienta hepatica, hipersensibilitate, sdr de apnee in somn, miastenia gravis, insuf respiratorie, copii
NU se administreaza cu alte deprimante SNC si alcool

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9
Q

Bromizoval

A

sedativ hipnotic cu actiune SLABA (dureaza 4-5h)

fara efecte secundare

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10
Q

Melatonina

A

pt tratamentul pe termen scurt al insomniei primare (proasta calitate a somnului) la >55 ani
Jet lag
Se evita asocierea cu alte deprimante SNC

R adverse: iritabilitate, nervozitate, neliniste, hiperactivitate psihomotorie, migrena, vise ciudate etc

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11
Q

Alcool

A

Se absoarbe repede(30-90min) si complet 80% intestinal
Eliminare: metab hepatica, renal(2,5%), respirator (5%)
Alcooldehidrogenaza -> aldehida acetica -> aldehid dehidrogenaza -> acid acetic
Viteza metabolizarii = 100-125 mg/kg/ora
Dementa Korsakoff (lipsa de B1) - pierderi de memorie severa cu stare de constienta normala

Sindrom de abstinenta - triada tremor-delir-convulsii

In intoxicatie acuta alcoolul inhiba : warfarina, fenitoina, rifampicina, barbituricele
Tratament in intoxicatia cu metanol pt ca alcool dehidrogenaza are afinitate mai mare pt etanol si metanolul se elimina renal nemetabolizat (neactivat)

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12
Q

Disulfiram

A

Blocheaza Aldehid dehidrogenaza alcoolica - consumul moderat de alcool duce la acumulare de aldehid dehidrogenaza ce e toxica: fata fierbinte, greata, varsaturi, sete, dificultati respiratorii, dureri toracice, hipotensiune, vertij etc. urmate de extenuare + somn profund

Efecte similare: metronidazol, hipoglicemiantele sulfonilureice, unele cefalosporine

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