Opioide Flashcards

1
Q

Hidromorfona

A

Derivat sintetic al morfinei
Mai puternic, cu aceleasi efecte
10 mg morfina = 1,5 mg hidromorfona

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2
Q

Heroina

A

2x mai potent ca morfina
Strabate mai bine BHE
Toleranta se instaleaza mai repede si sd de abstinenta e mai sever

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3
Q

Metadona

A

Se absoarbe mult mai bine digestiv (doza orala e aprox egala cu doza inj)
T1/2 = 35h - sd de abstinenta mai bland, folosit pentru dezintoxicarea morfinomanilor
durata efectului creste de la prima administrare (3-5h)

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4
Q

Petidina (meperidina)

A

Potenta analgezica 10x mai mica decat morfina
10mg morfina = 100mg petidina

Efect PSlitic -> nu face mioza, ci usoara midriaza
preferata in tratamentul colicilor
RA: agitatie psihomotorie, convulsii

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5
Q

Codeina
(+Dihidrocodeina
Hidrocodona
Oxicodona)

A

Efect analgezic (30-60mg) = paracetamol
Antitusiv (15-20mg) - pt tuse seaca, spastica, iritativa
Incetinirea tranzitului intestinal
De regula se da in combinatie cu analgezice de tip antipiretic/antiinflamator 10-30mg
Oncologie -> 30-60mg
Risc de toxicomanie/dependenta neglijabil

Oxicodona - efect analgezic ceva mai mare

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6
Q

Fentanyl

A

Agonist al R MOR
100x mai potent ca morfina
Nu stimuleaza KOR -> fara disforie, halucinatii, cresterea diurezei
Foarte liposolubil -> efectul este intens, patrunde rapid in creier dar apoi se redistribuie catre tes adipos
Se elimina lent hepatic

Se administreaza printr-un dispozitiv transdermic ce permite absorbtia lenta si continua si atingerea unui platou in creier si tes adipos
Util pt dureri cronice la bolnavii neoplazici

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7
Q

Tramadol

A

Agonist slab MOR
Efect de inhibiare a recaptarii Nadr si Serotoninei
La fel de eficient ca morfina in dureri mici-medii
dar mai slab la dureri intense de lunga durata

RA: greata, varsaturi, uscaciunea gurii, sedare, cefalee

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8
Q

Bubrenorfina!! importanta

A

Agonist partial al R MOR
10mg morfina = 0,4 mg bubrenorfina
Efectele se instaleaza lent si dureaza mult
Liposolubil se abs bine
Se poate folosi si in detoxifierea morfinomanilor + scade cravingul pt drog (ca metadona)
combaterea deprimarii respiratorii produsa de fentanyl

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9
Q

Nalaxona

A

Antagonista a R opioizi
1mg nalaxona antagonizeaza 25mg heroina
La persoanele dependente de opioide - declanseaza un sever sd de abstinenta
Utila pt:
- combaterea supradozajului acut
- combaterea deprimarii respiratorii cauzata de opioide(postoperator)

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10
Q

Pentazocina

A

agonist pe KOR
blocant pe MOR
poate provoca sdr de abstinenta la morfinomanii ce iau chestii pe MOR
De regula se utilizeaza ca un analgezic premergator morfinei

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11
Q

Nalbufina

Butorfanol

A

Asemanatori Pentazocinei
Nalbufina stim aparatul CV mai putin
Butorfanolul -administrare intranazala - combaterea crizei de migrena extrem de severa

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12
Q

Nalorfina

A
Agonist KOR
Antagonist MOR
Util pt:
combaterea deprimarii resp
supradozaj opioide
NU ca analgezic
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13
Q

Naltrexona

Metilnaltrexona - combate constipatia

A

Antagonist al tuturor R opioizi

eficace adm oral - combate morfinomania/alcoolismul uneori

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14
Q

Levorfanol - seamana cu morfina

Dextrometorfan - pur antitusiv

A

izomeri asemanatori codeinei

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