Securing the throne and consolidation of power Flashcards
How did Henry secure the succession at home?
1486 Arthur was born
1491 Henry was born
How did Henry deal with the Yorkists?
When John de la Pole had Lambert Simnel crowned as King Edward in Ireland 1487 Henry had the real Earl of Warwick exhibited in London for all to see
Henry took a gamble by having the untrustworthy Earl of Northumberland (who led Richard’s army at Bosworth) put in a position of power in the north to neutralise Richards powerbase
10 year old Warwick was sent to the Tower and confined there till 1499 when he was executed for conspiring with Warbeck to escape
Lincoln was invited to join the govt as a meber of the King’’s council
Lincoln stayed loyal till 1487 when he fled court and joined Lambert Simnel
Lincoln killed at the battle of Stoke 1487
Thomas Howard Earl of Surey and Henry Percy Earl of Numberland were pardoned - Henry thought they were useful to work for him
Francis Humphrey (Lord Lovell, Sir THomas Stafford and Edmund De La Pole were executed as they were unwillin to work with Henry. This example would deter other rebels
Good bonds of behaviour to ensure well behaved landowners who might have faced financial ruin
How did Henry secure succession abroad?
His foreign policy was defensive as he was a usurper
He guarded against his enemies seeking foresign alliances
Henry used diplomacy to forge treaties wuth Brittainy, France, Spain and Scotland. In each treaty the heads of state agreed not to aid the pretenders or Henry’s enemies such as Suffolk or Richard de la Pole
How did Henry use marriage alliiances?
Marriage alliances bought Spain and Scotland into a union with England. The marriages were sealed by treaty
The Treaty of Medina del Campo 1489 meant that Henry’s heir Arthur was promised to Catherine of Aragon daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
The Treaty of Ayton 1502 Margraret (Henry’s eldest daughter was married to James IV of Scotland 1503
How did Henry make use of the printing press?
Used it to spread propaganda to justify his succession to the throne and demounce Richard III
When was Henry’s coronation?
1485 after the battle of Bosworth
When was the first challenge to Henry’s rule?
1486 Yorkists Lovell and Stafford raised a rebellion
What was the second challenge to Henry’s rule?
1487 10 year old Lambert Simnel impersonated the Earl of Warwick a nephew of Richard III
Why was Simnell a seriuos threat?
He was backed by John De La Pole, Earl of Lincoln and Marg of Burgundy
Simnel gained support in Ireland and with Margaret’s money raised a mercenary army
Although Simnel was killed at the battle of Stoke the fact that Henry was forced into battle shows the significance of the threat.
How did the battle of Stoke weaken the Yorkists?
Many leading Yorkists were killed
The nobility became less inclined to challenge Henry
Who did Margaret of Burgundy support after Simnell’s death?
Perkin Warbeck
How was Perkin Warbeck a threat to Henry?
Claimed to be the youngest son of Edward IV - Richard Duke of York
Attracted patronage from foreign rulers - Had the support of Burgundy and Scotland
This demonstrated how fragile Henry’s resign was.
Cloth trader from Flanders and persistent irritant to Henry for over 8 years
In 1491 Made an appearance at the court of Charles VIII of France
Fled to the court of Marg of Burgundy
Trained as a Prince and drew some English courtiers into his conspiracies
1495 landed in England and fled to the court of James IV
Warbeck had an accomplice at the heart of Henry’s govt Sir William Stanley (Lord Chamberlain)
Historian Christine Carpenter says that this conspiracy revelaed Henry at his most vulnerable in a place where he should have been secure
How did the Scots use Perkin Warbeck?
James IV used him in his quarrel with Henry
1496 a small Scottish force crossed the border on Warbeck’s behalf but retreated
How did Henry deal with James IV?
Arranged for James to marry his daughter
Was Henry successful in dealing with Perkin Warbeck?
Perkin was a threat for most of the 1490s
1495 there was a cornish uprising against HenryVII Perkin used this to invade England, but Henry had already crushed the Cornish rebels and was quick to arrest Perkin who surrendered
Warbeck executed in 1499
Why did Henry decide to execute Warbeck?
He persuaded his fellow prisoner the Earl of Warwick to escape from the Tower. Both were executed.
How did Henry deal with William Stanley?
He was not expeting atrusted member of his house to go against him so he had him executed?
When did Henry have William Stanley executed?
1495
How was Henry able to react to the threats so quickly?
He had a superb intelligence network
How did Henry deal with Simnell?
When Simnel claimed to be the Earl of Warwick Henry paraded the real Earl
When did Henry feel completely secure?
1506 when Marg of Burgundy died in 1503 and De L Pole was imprisoned
How did Henry claim the crown?
After the battle at Bosworth 1485
