Royal Supremacy 1509 - 47

Question 1

Why did Henry want to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon?

Answer 1

Failed to provide a male heir
Because he married his brother’s widow he thought the marriage ws cursed
Falledn in love with Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn 15 years younger than Catherine so more likely to provide a heir

Question 2

What was the issue of a lack of a heir referred to?

Answer 2

The Great Matter

Question 3

For how long did the Great matter dominate domestic and diplomatic agenda?

Answer 3

1527 - 1534

Question 4

Why was Pope Clement VII reluctant to annul the marriage?

Answer 4

Catheine had spirited support from scholars such as Bishop John Fisher of Rochester
Catherine’s nephew Charles V King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor was the most powerful man in Europe and he supported his Aunt and oppsed the annulment for political and diplomatic reasons more than family loyalty
Clement’s predeccesor Pope Julian gave Henry and Catherine special dispensation to marry and Clement did not want to question the validity of his predeccessors dispensation

Question 5

What was Cardinal WOlsey’s solution to the Popes refusal to annul the marriage?

Answer 5

Promised Henry that he could persuade the Pope to issue a Papal Bull to annul the marriage

Question 6

How did Clement respond to the request for a papal bull?

Answer 6

Did all he could for 2 years to alow this down

Question 7

What did Clement agree to after 2 years?

Answer 7

A legatine court in Europe to consider the annulment

Question 8

Who conducted the legatine court to decide the annulment?

Answer 8

Cardinal Campeggio

Question 9

Where was the legatine court held to decide whether to annul the marriage?

Answer 9

Blackfriars London 1529

Question 10

What was decided at the legatine court?

Answer 10

Nothing and this led to Wolsey’s downfall

Question 11

How did Cranmer put pressure on the Pope to annul the marriage between 1529 and 34?

Answer 11

Obtained support from leading Universities
Drew up the Collectanea satis copiosa which made a theological case for annulment
Cromwell passed laws through the Reformation Parliament between 1533 and 34 to loosed the ties with Rome

Question 12

How did Crnmer force the English clergy to support the request for annulment?

Answer 12

1531 they were charged with praemunire and forced to pay a fine of £100,000 to escape punishment
Implmented the Supplication against the ordinaries 1532 and accused the Bishops of abusing their power

Question 13

Which Acts of Parliament did Cranmer introduce to loosen ties between England and Rome?

Answer 13

Restraint of Annates
Restraint of Appeals

Question 14

Which Act completed the break with Rome?

Answer 14

The Act of Supremacy 1534

Question 15

What did the Act of Supremacy do?

Answer 15

Denied the Pope his title and status in England
Recognised Henry VIII as supremem head of the church
Henry could govern the church as he saw fit
Led to changes in the doctrine of the church
Led to the dissolution of the monasteries

Question 16

How did Cromwell differ to Wolsey?

Answer 16

More proactive than reactive
Cromwell had less influence than Wolsey as he was not as well established, he had few continental contacts. He had to rely on his political and bureaucratic talents

Question 17

How did Parliament increase its power?

Answer 17

The Reformation parliament passed the act of supremacy and established the idea of King working with Parliament as the ultimate legal authority in England