Section One: 4. The Magnetic Compass and Direction Flashcards

1
Q

045, 135,225 and 315 degrees are what kinds of directions?

A

Quadrantal points

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2
Q

Grid north is the same as

A

True North

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3
Q

What is ‘variation’?

A

Angular difference between North Geographic and Magnetic Poles

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4
Q

Why is magnetic variation not uniform across the Earth’s surface?

A

Due to the angular difference between the two kinds of Poles

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5
Q

What is an isogonal?

A

Line joining locations of equal magnetic variation

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6
Q

What kind of variation is experienced over the UK currently?

A

Western

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7
Q

What is an agonic line?

A

Indication of where magnetic variation is 0

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8
Q

Isogonals are shown for every what increment in mag variation?

A

0.5 degrees

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9
Q

If mag north is WEST of true north (westerly direction), the magnetic direction will have a

A

Higher angular value than true direction

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10
Q

If mag north is EAST of true noth (easterly direction), the magnetic direction will have a

A

Lower angular value than true direction

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11
Q

If magnetic direction has a higher angular value than true direction, what variation exists?

A

Westerly

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12
Q

If magnetic direction has a lower angular value than true direction, what variation exists?

A

Easterly

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13
Q

Rhyme to remember for mag/true variation

A

Variation west - Magnetic Best, Variation East - Magnetic Least

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14
Q

The metallic structure and equipment of an aircraft has what effect on navigational ability?

A

Compass deviation occurs

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15
Q

Rhyme to remember for compass deviation

A

Deviation west - compass best, deviation east - compass least

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16
Q

Why is magnetic compass reliability poor near the magnetic poles?

A

Magnetic dip is greater
Weaker horizontal component

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17
Q

At what approximate latitudes does do magnetic compasses become unreliable?

A

60 degrees North or South

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18
Q

The horizontal component of magnetic flow is greatest where?

A

Equator

19
Q

How do magnetic compass cards minimise the effect of magnetic dip?

A

The float is displaced

20
Q

What is the drawback to having the float displaced on magnetic compasses?

A

It causes turning and acceleration errors

21
Q

Why do compasses give incorrect readings in turns?

A

The pivot and float’s C of G are not correctly aligned with magnetic north

22
Q

When turning through the nearest magnetic pole, the compass will…

A

Underestimate the actual magnetic heading

23
Q

When turning through the furthest magnetic pole, the compass will…

A

Overestimate the actual magnetic heading

24
Q

Why does a compass turning error not occur during turns through 90 or 270 degrees?

A

The pivot and float’s C of G are aligned during the turn

25
Q

Acceleration errors in compasses walkthrough

A

Aircraft accelerates
Float CoG’s inertia causes clockwise rotation
Compass heading underestimates

26
Q

Decceleration errors in compasses walkthrough

A

Aircraft decelerates
Float’s CoG thrown forwards causing anti-clockwise rotation
Compass heading overestimates

27
Q

Why do acceleration errors not occur on headings of 360 and 180?

A

Pivot and float’s CoG are aligned

28
Q

A compass pivot and float’s CoG rotate clockwise in a change of speed. What is occuring?

A

Aircraft is accelerating and the compass will overestimate

29
Q

A compass pivot and float’s CoG rotate anti-clockwise in a change of speed. What is occuring?

A

Aircraft is decelerating and the compass will underestimate

30
Q

A compass will underestimate during what change of speed?

A

Acceleration

31
Q

A compass will overestimate during what change of speed?

A

Deceleration

32
Q

An aircraft accelerates on a heading of 360 degrees. What compass error will occur?

A

None, as the pivot and float CoG are aligned

33
Q

An aircraft turns from 060 to 120. What compass error will occur?

A

None, as the pivot and float CoG are aligned

34
Q

Northern Hemisphere compasses are compensated how?

A

Displaced towards the south pole to compensate for dip

35
Q

The Earth rotates how many degrees an hour?

A

15 degrees

36
Q

Directional indicator (gyro) drift occurs how?

A

Indicator axis is fixed in space by the gro and drifts in accordance with the Earth’s rotation

37
Q

Why can the correct functioning of the HI only be checked when the engine is running?

A

The vaccum system needs to be operational

38
Q

Acronym to remember for compass deviation in turns?

A

UNOS

39
Q

Acronym UNOS is..

A

Undershoot North, Overshoot South

40
Q

UNOS means when turning onto a northerly heading, you should

A

Roll out before compass indicates North

41
Q

Acronym to remember for compass deviations when accelerating/decelerating?

A

ANDS

42
Q

Acronym ANDS is.

A

Accelerate North, Decelerate South

43
Q

Acronym for heading calculations involving drift, variation etc?

A

TVMDC

44
Q

TVMDC acronym remembered by?

A

True Virgins Make Dull Companions