Radio Navigation: Basics and Radar Flashcards
NDBs use what bracket of frequencies?
Low and Medium Frequency
VORs use what bracket of frequencies?
VHF
VHF bracket for VORs are from what to what?
108.000 to 117.950
NDBs used for approaches are known as what?
Locators
NDB interference errors:
Night effect
Coastal effect
Quadrantal error
Dip error
The quadrantal error refers to what?
Metal composition of aircraft acts as an aerial and misleads signal
Theoretical maxium receiving distance for a VOR is calculated by:
1.23 x Square Root of (Altitude of Transmitter + Receiver)
What does DOC stand for?
Designated Operational Coverage
Does PSR require the aircraft to be specially equipped?
No
SSR only transmits when?
When it is hit by a radar signal
SSR operates in what frequency bracket?
UHF
Mode-A only transmits what?
Transponder code
Mode A+C transmits what?
Transponder code and pressure altitude
VDF stands for?
VHF Direction Finding
Why can VDF not be obtained by using just one ATSU?
Distance is not available, so multiple are needed
Accuracy of Class A VDF bearings?
2 degrees
Accuracy of Class B VDF Bearings?
5 degrees
Accuracy of Class C VDF Bearings?
10 degrees
The accuracy of Class D VDF bearings is worse than?
10 degrees
What is a QDM?
Magnetic heading to a station
What is a QDR?
Magnetic heading from a station
What is a QUJ?
True heading to a station
What is a QTE?
True heading from a station
In VDF, what are the two magnetic headings?
QDM and QDR
In VDF, what are the two true headings?
QUJ and QTE
Of two types of NDB transmissions, what number indicates a long-range beacon?
1 in N0N A1A
Of two types of NDB transmissions, what number indicates a short-range beacon?
2 in N0N A2A
ADF bearings are considered what?
Magnetic
Why are ADF bearings considered magnetic?
Because it is relative to the Directional Indicator which is Magnetic
For an NDB, the ‘cone of silence’ occurs when the aircraft enters what zone?
40 degrees vertically displaced above the NDB
During the day, ADF accuracy has what margin of error?
6 degrees
VOR stands for?
VHF Omni-directional Range
A specific magnetic bearing relative to a VOR is known as a what?
Radial
An aircraft’s VOR receiver measures what to determine the radial?
Phase difference
Radials are always referred to as what in relation to a VOR?
Bearings FROM the station
Each small mark on a CDI indicates what?
2 degrees of displacement
When will the TO/FROM flag change?
When the aircraft passes the radial that is perpendicular to the CDI radial
CDI stands for?
Course Direction Indicator
TO/FROM indicator simply indicates whether the aircraft is
On the same side of the VOR as the selected radial
A VOR’s ‘cone of confusion’ carries what degree of vertical displacement?
50 degrees
A VOR’s ‘total system’ error is
5 degrees
VOR range is limited to..
Line of sight
Simplified form of how DME is measured?
Round trip delay of aircraft’s UHF signal is measured
How is DME initially measured?
An aircraft transmits a UHF signal
When is the speed measurement and time to station on a DME only valid?
If the aircraft is flying directly to/from the station
DME’s indicated distance is a measurement of what distance?
Slant range
SSR uses a signal in whay frequency bracket?
UHF
