Section B - Regenerating Places - EQ4 - How Successful is Regeneration?

Question 1

Deprivation in Barking and Dagenham - What happened when Ford moved out, where does it rank in terms of deprivation, unemployment rate, % of residents earning below London’s living wage?

Answer 1

• After Ford ended car assembly in Dagenham in 2002, there has been a legacy of deprivation in Dagenham
• By 2015, Barking and Dagenham was the 9th most deprived local authority in England with London’s highest unemployment rate (9.8%), and 27% of residents earning below London’s living wage

Question 2

Deprivation in Barking and Dagenham - What does deprivation take into account and where does Barking and Dagenham rank on the Index of Multiple Deprivation?

Answer 2

• Deprivation measuring takes into account social (education, health, crime), economic (income and employment deprivation, and barriers to housing), and environmental factors (environmental degradation)
• Barking and Dagenham ranks 2.6 on the Index of Multiple Deprivation, an average index of all seven factors

Question 3

Regeneration in Barking and Dagenham - Beam Park

Answer 3

Located on land previously occupied by Ford, the western side will create 40,000m2 of workspace, a hotel, and a pub to employ local residents

Question 4

Regeneration in Barking and Dagenham - Barking town centre

Answer 4

By 2014, over 400 homes and 1000m2 of commercial space had been created

Question 5

Regeneration in Barking and Dagenham - Gascoigne estate

Answer 5

The regeneration of the most deprived housing estate in the borough will provide 1500 of new homes by 2024, together with schools, a community centre, office space, and outdoor space

Question 6

Regeneration in Barking and Dagenham - Barking Riverside

Answer 6

London’s largest regeneration site will create 11,000 new homes, parkland, five schools, health centres, places of worship, community facilities, and 65,000m2 work space which should create 6000 jobs by 2020

Question 7

Evaluating regeneration in Barking and Dagenham - Comparison between Barking/Dagenham and London - % of workforce as managers, directors, and senior officials

Answer 7

B/D - 6.8%
LDN - 11.6%

Question 8

Evaluating regeneration in Barking and Dagenham - Comparison between Barking/Dagenham and London - % of workforce as teachers and doctors

Answer 8

B/D - 13.3%
LDN - 22.5%

Question 9

Evaluating regeneration in Barking and Dagenham - Comparison between Barking/Dagenham and Tower Hamlets - Median income

Answer 9

B/D - £517.40
LDN - £804.90

Question 10

Evaluating regeneration in Barking and Dagenham - Comparison between Barking/Dagenham and London - Male life expectancy

Answer 10

B/D - 76.3 years
LDN - 78.2 years

Question 11

Evaluating regeneration in Barking and Dagenham - Comparison between Barking/Dagenham and London - Female life expectancy

Answer 11

B/D - 81.2 years
LDN - 83.4 years

Question 12

Evaluating regeneration in Barking and Dagenham - Comparison between Barking/Dagenham and London - Infant mortality rate per 1000

Answer 12

B/D - 5.3
LDN - 2.2

Question 13

Different sources of investment - Private sector investment (Westfield)

Answer 13

• Stratford’s Westfield shopping centre in East London created over 10,000 new jobs through retail led regeneration
• Westfield, an Australian property company with a 50% stake in the shopping centre, borrowed £700 million to build it
• It is recovering its costs by leasing space in the centre to retain companies – the first four years brought an annual turnover of £1 billion

Question 14

Different sources of investment - Public sector investment

Answer 14

• A recent example of this is the 2012 London Olympics regeneration, supported by the London Assembly and its Mayor
• The Games cost £9.3 billion to put together, and these costs were recovered through ticketing, TV sponsorship, and the post-Games sale of apartments and houses in the Athletes’ Village
• Against many expectations, the 2012 Games were delivered on time, under budget, and at a profit
• In 2001, East London contained some of the poorest boroughs in the UK, and it was believed that the Games could help reduce the gap between the rich and poor in London as well as improving London’s brand
• Post Games, office developments are going to create 40,000m2 of work space, and residential areas will create 9000 new homes by 2025

Question 15

Different sources of investment - Public private partnership

Answer 15

• Docklands regeneration – although portrayed as ‘market led regeneration’, it actually involved a partnership between the gov (which handed over land and financial grants) and property developers (who ensured that regeneration would create jobs, economic growth, and housing)
• Gov regarded costs as an economic investment as well as being socially advantageous by reducing local unemployment and social problems

Question 16

Key players before and after the London 2012 Olympic Games - Who were the six players?

Answer 16

• UK central gov agency
• Local gov
• Regional gov
• Stakeholders in the local economy
• Environmental stakeholders
• Stakeholders in the people

Question 17

Key players before and after the London 2012 Olympic Games - UK central gov agency

Answer 17

London Legacy Development Corporation is an agency funded by central gov to oversee the legacy development of the Olympic Park – success criteria include the use of the Olympic venues post 2012, increasing employment and increasing housing

Question 18

Key players before and after the London 2012 Olympic Games - Local gov

Answer 18

Four London boroughs shared hosting the Games (Tower Hamlets, Newham, Hackney, and Waltham Forest) and they all wanted regeneration to continue post 2012 – however planning ultimately in the hands of the LLDC

Question 19

Key players before and after the London 2012 Olympic Games - Regional gov

Answer 19

Mayor of London and London Assembly responsible for ensuring that transportation was effective during the Games, as well as supporting the expansion of housing and the East London economy post 2012

Question 20

Key players before and after the London 2012 Olympic Games - Stakeholders in the economy

Answer 20

Olympic venues situated on former industrial estates where 5000 people were employed – all of whom were compensated to move on

Question 21

Key players before and after the London 2012 Olympic Games - Stakeholders in the environment

Answer 21

Collapse of manufacturing in London led to widespread dereliction – Olympic plans have cleaned up and re-landscaped the whole area with more green areas and wetlands for all sorts of animals

Question 22

Key players before and after the London 2012 Olympic Games - Stakeholders in the people

Answer 22

Affordable housing needed post Games, but this is not the case – the Athletes’ Village is standing on former council flats whose 450 residents were relocated – a promise to re-house them post 2012 was never delivered upon – the initial plan post 2012 was to re-model the athletes village into 3000 affordable homes, but this has now been reduced to 800 houses for people earning £60,000 per year or more

Question 23

Regeneration in Cornwall - What was the situation for Cornwall in 2011 in terms of average earnings across the country and % of working pop earning below the living wage, and what was done to fix this?

Answer 23

• In 2011, Cornwall had England’s lowest full-time average earnings, and 20% of Cornwall’s working pop earns less than the living wage
• This was largely due to a lack of investment, so the Cornish Council came up with a number of projects to improve this and attract investment

Question 24

Regeneration in Cornwall - What were the five projects?

Answer 24

• Extreme Sports Academy
• Combined Universities in Cornwall
• Wave Hub
• Superfast broadband
• The Eden Project

Question 25

Regeneration in Cornwall - Extreme Sports Academy

Answer 25

Watergate Bay – Targets a young adult age group through courses in surfing, wave skiing, and kite surfing – employs 50-60 people year round

Question 26

Regeneration in Cornwall - Combined Universities in Cornwall

Answer 26

To increase the available range of uni courses and develop a knowledge economy in Cornwall, Falmouth and Exeter unis joined forces to create the Combined Universities in Cornwall – offers degree courses and helps graduates set up their own businesses or secure jobs in the knowledge sector in an attempt to prevent brain drain

Question 27

Regeneration in Cornwall - Wave Hub

Answer 27

Wave power research project that cost £42 million to build – installed in 2014 and will earn £76 million over 25 years and create 170 jobs – will create new wave power for Cornwall

Question 28

Regeneration in Cornwall - Super fast broadband

Answer 28

By 2016, over 95% of Cornwall has access to superfast broadband and has the country’s largest rural fibre network, costing £132 million – this encourages businesses, particularly from the knowledge based economy, to invest in the area – an independent study has shown that 2000 jobs have been created with £200 million towards the economy each year as a result of this

Question 29

Regeneration in Cornwall - The Eden Project

Answer 29

• Opening in 2001, the Eden projects consists of two large conservatories that exhibit the world’s major plant types, as well as an education centre about each one
• In its first 10 years, the Eden project:
• £1.1 billion for the Cornish economy
• 13 million visitors
• Employed 650 people directly
• Used 2700 local suppliers
• Increased employment in Cornish tourism related industries
• Developed Cornish tourism as a yea-round sector
• Encouraged wider investment to regenerate other towns nearby