Section B - Regenerating Places - EQ3 - How is Regeneration Managed? Flashcards
The Role of National gov in Regeneration - HS2 - What is it, cost, status today?
- The proposal of HS2 is an example of government intervention and funding of key projects to do with regeneration – the planned link between London and Birmingham offers an alternative to the world’s most congested roads, and would modernise the UK’s railway
- Such projects are simply too big for private companies, with an estimated cost of £100 billion in 2019
- However, this project was ultimately scrapped during Covid
The Role of National gov in Regeneration - Cornwall - How much housing needed, why, demand for low cost housing 2010-11, challenge for gov, and what this is made more urgent by?
- Meanwhile in Cornwall, there is a big need for housing to the tune of 27,000 per year
- Nationally, housing shortages have driven up house prices in relation to earnings
- The demand for low cost housing in Cornwall rose 40% between 2010 and 2011
- The challenge for the gov is figuring out whether these costs can be balanced and how to provide enough housing in general
- This is made even more urgent by a rapidly rising pop, and increasing number of households, overseas investors buying property, and a lack of affordable housing
The Role of National gov in Regeneration - The Fracking Debate
- Benefits of fracking have also been weighed up by the national gov in recent years which could add to the UK’s home-produced natural gas supplies and reduce the need for imported gas
- Decision to allow fracking is about improving the UK’s energy security, however, this conflicts with protecting vulnerable sites such as national parks – in 2022 MPs voted to maintain fracking practices despite sizeable opposition from the British public
The Role of National gov in Regeneration - Deregulation
- In 1986, Thatcher deregulated and privatised the UK economy but opening up stock trading to individuals and allowing foreign banks to invest in the UK
- This led to a massive shift in the UK economy to the extent that now. banking, finance, and business services account for 30% of the UK’s GDP (double what it did in 1986)
- This was also facilitated by the building of Canary Wharf in the Docklands
- See also the UK joining the EU for the free market and free movement/immigration
Regenerating rural places - Newquay - Cornwall’s changing economy, isolation, and the impact this has on investment
- Cornwall’s old economy, which mainly consisted of primary sector jobs, has declined and provide year round, permanent jobs
- Cornwall’s new economy varies – its quaternary knowledge economy is small, whilst its biggest industry is tourism, however jobs in tourism are mainly low wage, part time, and seasonal
- Cornwall is remote in the UK and is far away from the UK’s core economic area of London where most economic activity takes place – journey times to these areas are long and expensive, and Cornwall needs investment to create local jobs
- Cornwall is attempting to rebrand, using assets like its scenery, food scene, spectacular gardens, and outdoor pursuits to attract tourists
- Each of these attracts both domestic and international tourists that bring money into the area
Attracting investment - How does Cornwall compete for investment, what incentives does it provide?
- To attract investment, Cornwall must compete with other areas that all qualify for government regional aid (given to companies who wish to invest there) – these are areas that are less economically advanced and would therefore qualify for gov assistance and investor incentives through funding
- Cornwall uses Local Enterprise Zones in order to attract investment into small areas that can be branded to attract particular companies and organisations
- Investor incentives include tax discounts of up to 100% for 5 years, a planning free environment where no planning permission is needed for building, and the provision of superfast broadband
Attracting investment - What did this attempt to attract investment lead to, what were the plans for the project, what has been the reality for the project?
- The has led to the Newquay Aerohub, a partnership between Cornwall Council and private investors who aim to begin to process of diversifying Cornwall’s economy away from its dependence on tourism
- The new Business Park’s ‘brand’ is its location which aims to attract investment for an aviation and aerospace focus – hoping for 700 high value, skilled permanent jobs
- However, by the end of 2015, only 450 jobs had been created, with few ‘new’ jobs created as part of this, simply transferring public jobs into private jobs EG going from work with the army flying helicopters to private work flying helicopters
Regeneration in Glasgow - What happened to Glasgow in the past and what is its industry like today?
- Most of Glasgow’s shipyards, once dedicated to shipbuilding, now lie empty and desolate, with coal, steel, and engineering all key local industries
- As competition became cheaper overseas, the Glasgow shipbuilding industry on the Clyde collapsed leading to further collapse in other related industries
- Today there are only 3 shipyards in operation along the Clyde
Regeneration in Glasgow - What has happened since 2000 and what areas has this sought to grow?
Since 2000, like the Docklands, a program of regeneration and diversification has been undertaken, and tertiary and quaternary industries have grown in arts, culture, sports, and tourism, residential development, and media
Regeneration in Glasgow - Arts, culture, sports, and tourism
Glasgow was European Capital of Culture in 1990, and hosted the Commonwealth Games in 2014, the UK and Scottish govs have invested in an internationally famous art museum, conference centre, and science museum, as well as a museum of travel and transport – all located along the Clyde – Clydebank’s Titan Crane has also been refurbished into a tourist attraction – all of these have caused a boost in tourism which has led to more employment in hotels, bars, restaurants, etc – positive multiplier effect
Regeneration in Glasgow - Residential development
As with the London Docklands investment from private property developers has been encouraged to build homes along the Clyde, together with shops and restaurants to regenerate the former industrial areas
Regeneration in Glasgow - Media
The BBC headquarters for Scotland opened in Glasgow in 2007 in a former shipyard area
