Section B - Regenerating Places - EQ2 - Why Might Regeneration be Needed?

Question 1

Grampound - % of pop over 65, and % of households with single poeple, mean income level?

Answer 1

Data from the 2011 census shows that 25% of Grampound’s pop is over 65, and a third of households consisted of single people – Cornwall also has the lowest mean weekly income in the UK

Question 2

Grampound - What is there a strong sense of and evidence for this?

Answer 2

• However, there is a strong sense of belonging and engagement in Grampound, with 257 out of 280 households becoming shareholders in the local shop, raising £20,000
• In total, the village raised £50,000 for the new shop

Question 3

Grampound - What can engagement in Grampound be put down to? (how many activities, councillor, turnout at council election vs national average)

Answer 3

• Grampound’s engagement can be put down to several key factors, including key people who are willing to stand for elections, raise money, or simply organise activates
• The range of activities on offer with 14 clubs and organisation in the area
• The local Grampound councillor being a proper politician and publishing a newsletter for info on everything local and updates on key issues – people feel informed
• In 2013, the turnout for the council election in Grampound was 63% compared to 30% nationally

Question 4

Four factors that make engagement vary?

Answer 4

• Age
• Gender
• Ethnicity
• Regeneration

Question 5

Why does engagement vary - Age (% of Cornwall pop aged 65-84 compared to national average and what this leads to)

Answer 5

18% of Cornwall’s pop is aged 65-84 compared to 14% nationally – this means there are more people with more time to devote to community activities – these aged 60 and over are also more likely to vote in elections

Question 6

Why does engagement vary - Gender - Why are women important?

Answer 6

More women engage in community work than men – in Grampound in 2015, women were in the majority on many working groups and committees

Question 7

Why does engagement vary - Ethnicity and length of residence (no. of short term residents and the impact of this)

Answer 7

In 2011, Cornwall had 400 short term residents – 8 per 10,000 – this is not very many but these people will not likely engage with the local community

Question 8

Why does engagement vary - Regeneration

Answer 8

Regeneration brings changes and conflicts to communities, who may disagree about the process, economic motives, and who the regeneration is for, this will likely mean people are more involved so they can have their say

Question 9

Regeneration schemes in Cornwall - Locally

Answer 9

Locally, in 2008, Grampound’s Parish Council wanted to build 69 new homes in the village – overwhelmingly supported – a third of the housing was classed as affordable and residents felt that the extra population would help to maintain the village’s services

Question 10

Regeneration schemes in Cornwall - Regionally

Answer 10

Regionally, plans for a waste incinerator as part of a local economic expansion in central Cornwall caused protests – yet Cornwall city council still decided to build it – it only created 7 jobs and is seen as an eyesore, as well as bad for the environment

Question 11

Regeneration schemes in Cornwall - Nationally

Answer 11

Nationally, Cornwall Council has supported renewable energy by building wind turbines, when those who said they would be an eyesore were persuaded by an offer of £15,000 per year for community projects from the energy company

Question 12

Regeneration in Custom House - What does regeneration usually involve and where can this be seen?

Answer 12

• Regeneration often involves different players and is usually a partnership between central gov and the private sector to transform an area socially and environmentally
• This can be seen in the regeneration of Custom House, a ward near Canning Town

Question 13

Regeneration in Custom House - Social (% of rented housing and adults with no quals), economic (employment stats compared to London), and environmental issues in Custom House?

Answer 13

• Economically, the area needed employment – in 2001, only 37% of adults were in full time work compared to 51% in London as a whole
• Socially, 71% of housing was rented and 43% of adults had no educational qualifications
• Environmentally, the closure in the 1980s of the docks resulted in environmental decay

Question 14

Regeneration in Custom House - How has regeneration in Custom House been conducted and what scheme has this been done through?

Answer 14

• Regeneration in Custom House has mostly been done through community-led regeneration IE identifying the community’s needs as a way of driving change forwards
• Custom House has been undergoing regeneration since the 2000s through the Canning Town and Custom House (CATCH) scheme

Question 15

Regeneration in Custom House - Four key areas to benefit the economy?

Answer 15

• Housing
• Employment
• Education
• Health

Question 16

Regeneration in Custom House - Impact on housing - How many affordable homes planned for when?

Answer 16

10,000 affordable homes planned for construction by 2020, renovating old social housing

Question 17

Regeneration in Custom House - Employment - What was done in the area to facilitate employment?

Answer 17

Job creation and training for the local people, new local shops and supermarkets opened, public transport improved

Question 18

Regeneration in Custom House - Education - % of students with 5 GCSEs in 2015 vs 1996?

Answer 18

Building of new primary and secondary schools – in 2015 59% of Newham’s students achieved 5 or more GCSEs – more than double the figure in 1996

Question 19

Regeneration in Custom House - Health - What was opened?

Answer 19

A new health centre, library, community centre, and children’s play area were opened