section B

Question 1

What are the differences between Bandura and Chaney?

Answer 1

• method
  B = lab
  C = field
• ethics
  B = lack of PFH - lasting impact of aggressive models
  C = informed consent from parents
• data
  B = both
  C = only quantitative
• sample
  B = American (california)
  C = Australian

Question 2

What are the similarities between Bandura and Chaney?

Answer 2

• method
  both experimental
• data
  both collect quantitative
• sample
  both children

Question 3

What are the differences between Kohlberg and Lee?

Answer 3

• method
  K = longitudinal
  L = snapshot
• data
  K = qualitative
  L = quantitative
• sample
  K = American boys
  L = Chinese and Canadian children

Question 4

What are the similarities between Kohlberg and Lee?

Answer 4

• method
  both use self report method - interviews
• sample
  both children

Question 5

How does Lee link to an assumption?

Answer 5

A= change and development is ongoing and continues throughout out lifetime
E= moral judgement modifies with age and experience

Question 6

How does Kohlberg link to an assumption?

Answer 6

A= behaviour may in pre-determined stages & change and development continues throughout our lifetime & is ongoing
E= boys demonstrated each stage one at a time and in a fixed order, as you age your morality develops

Question 7

How does Chaney link to an assumption?

Answer 7

A= behaviour may be learned (nurture) or be innate (nature)
E= funhaler improved compliance = learned

Question 8

How does Bandura link to an assumption?

Answer 8

A= early experiences can effect later development
E= aggressive role models may affect aggression in adulthood

Question 9

How does Bandura link to the key theme - external influences?

Answer 9

• role models and SLT
  key findings to support:
  1. aggressive role model produces aggressive children
  2. adults have influence over actions of children

Question 10

How does Chaney link to the key theme - external influences?

Answer 10

• operant conditioning
• positive reinforcement
  key findings to support:
  1. improved medical adherence
  2. useful

Question 11

How does Kohlberg link to the key theme - morality?

Answer 11

• stages of moral development
• levels of moral development
  key findings to support:
  1. demonstrate each stage of moral development in a fixed order
  2. progress with age

Question 12

How does Lee link to the key theme - morality?

Answer 12

• lying & truth telling
• prosocial and antisocial
• self-effacement and self-aggrandisement
  key findings to support:
  1. Chinese children vs Canadian children ratings

Question 13

How do Bandura and Chaney link to cultural diversity?

Answer 13

• both study western cultures = not culturally diverse
• BUT both found SLT effects children = external cultural influences

Question 14

How do Bandura and Chaney link to social diversity?

Answer 14

• Bandura = uni nursery = not representative of everyone - higher social class
• Chaney = 51km radius = not representative

Question 15

How do Bandura and Chaney link to individual diversity?

Answer 15

• both studies include males and females = individually diverse
• does not take into account individual differences e.g., learning difficulties (ADHD = harder to take asthma medication)

Question 16

How do Kohlberg and Lee link to cultural diversity?

Answer 16

• western bias = not culturally diverse - Kohlberg only eastern = Taiwan - not rep of all eastern culture
• only China and Canada = not diverse

Question 17

How do Kohlberg and Lee link to social diversity?

Answer 17

• most Canadian children were from middle class families = limits social diversity

Question 18

How do Kohlberg and Lee link to individual diversity?

Answer 18

• Kohlberg = only male sample - cannot generalise to females
• Lee = equal number of males and females (China)
• age bias (K = 10-16 (@ start) L = 7-11)

Question 19

What are the strengths of the developmental area?

Answer 19

• longitudinal aspect = reliable, less impact of individual differences, lots of detail - WHY behind behaviour
• practical applications = very useful e.g., Chaney’s medical adherence
• collection of quantitative data use of lab experiments = scientific
• more holistic - nature and nurture

Question 20

What are the weaknesses of the developmental area?

Answer 20

• holistic approach = less scientific - harder to establish causality
• ethics: cannot gain informed consent - children, PFH - easy to psychologically harm children, long term effects not considered
• qualitaitve data = subjective interpretation
• removes free will = self-fulfilling prophecy