Chaney - 2004

Question 1

What was the aim?

Answer 1

to improve medical adherence in young asthmatics

Question 2

What was the sample?

Answer 2

32 Australian children
- 10 males, 22 females
- aged 1.5 - 6
- currently receiving regular asthma treatment

Question 3

What are the strengths of the sample?

Answer 3

both genders (boys and girls) tested

Question 4

What are the weaknesses of the sample?

Answer 4

small & ethnocentric
- not representative or generalisable
- lacks population validity

Question 5

What type of sampling technique was used?

Answer 5

opportunity - local clinics

Question 6

What are the strengths of an opportunity sample?

Answer 6

easy to obtain

Question 7

What are the weaknesses of an opportunity sample?

Answer 7

same type of person = lacks population validity

Question 8

What is the method?

Answer 8

field experiment

Question 9

Why is this a field experiment?

Answer 9

because it took place in the participants own homes

Question 10

What is a strengths of the method?

Answer 10

natural environment and is likely to be representative and ecologically valid

Question 11

What are the weaknesses of the method?

Answer 11

cannot control EVs e.g., other children, outside illnesses

Question 12

What is the IV?

Answer 12

type of inhaler

Question 13

What is the DV?

Answer 13

amount of adherence

Question 14

What is the design?

Answer 14

repeated measures design

Question 15

Why is this study a repeated measures design?

Answer 15

because participants already used the normal inhaler and then the funhaler

Question 16

What are the weaknesses of the repeated measures design?

Answer 16

• order effects - practice and cannot be counterbalanced

Question 17

What are the strengths of repeated measures design?

Answer 17

no individual differences

Question 18

What was done before the study took place?

Answer 18

comparisons to ensure that the funhaler did not compromise drug delivery

Question 19

What happened with parents before the study?

Answer 19

parents contacted by telephone and then visited their home for written informed consent that consisted of the tasks and the risks involved

Question 20

How is this study self-report?

Answer 20

questionnaire that included fixed choice questions and then interviewed about attitudes toward current asthma device

Question 21

Why is the interviews and questionnaire timings important?

Answer 21

before the funhaler introduced - to minimise recruitment effects as it may attract a specific type of person and would reduce the validity of the sample

Question 22

What is the procedure?

Answer 22

• use funhaler for 2 weeks (only with adult supervision)
• parents contacted by 1 telephone call on an ad hoc basis - asked whether they had medicated their child the previous day
• visited at the end of the 2 week trial

Question 23

What happened at the end of the 2 week period?

Answer 23

2nd questionnaire that was the same as the first one but about the funhaler and not the regular

Question 24

What is the funhaler?

Answer 24

• attractive components that resemble a toy such as a spinner and whistle (can be switched out to avoid boredom)
• face-mask attachment for the pre-school age group

Question 25

What are the key findings?

Answer 25

1. funhaler improved compliance of parents and child
   - when surveyed on ad hoc 81% of parents medicated their child the previous day (existing spacer = 59%)
2. significantly more parents reported ‘always’ successful in medicating child

Question 26

What are the conclusions?

Answer 26

• funhaler is useful as medical adherence improved
• more research is recommended for long-term efficiency

Question 27

What type of data is collected?

Answer 27

quantitative

Question 28

How can the data be evaluated?

Answer 28

strengths:
- objective
- easy to analyse and compare
weaknesses:
- does not provide reasoning

Question 29

Why is the data quantitative?

Answer 29

fixed choice questionnaire

Question 30

What are the ethical issues?

Answer 30

lack informed consent - children BUT gained it from parents

Question 31

How is this study reliable?

Answer 31

standardised procedure = internal reliability - same questionnaire for both conditions of the IV

Question 32

Is this study reductionist or holistic and why?

Answer 32

Reductionist - does not take other factors into consideration - solely focuses on positive reinforcement and the funhaler