Section 6-Measurement Flashcards
3 dimensional quantities
- Repeatability
- Temporal Extent
- Temporal Locus
Repeatability
Count
Rate aka Frequency
Celeration- Count per unit of time/time
Temporal Extent
Duration
“High rate behaviors”
Temporal Locus
Locus=Point of time
Response Latency (Latency) IRT
Derivative Measures
- Percentage
2. Trials to Criterion
2 definitional measures
- Topography
2. Magnitude
Continuous Measures
Measurement conducted in a manner that all instances of the response class interests are detected during the observation period
Continuous Measures Advantages
Free Operant
Discrete beginning and ending
Emitted at any time
Continuous Measures Disadvantages
Not useful for behaviors that
are high rates
measured as discrete trials
Opportunity Based
Discontinuous Measures
Some instances of the response class may NOT be detected
Discontinuous Measures Advantages
High Rates
Long durations of time
Measured as discrete trials
Measured as percentages
3 procedures for measuring behavior
Event Recording
Timing
Time Sampling
Event Recording
of times a response class occurs
Hand tallies, counters, buttons and calculators
Timing
Duration
Response Latency
Irt
Stop Watch
Time Sampling
Variety of methods for recording behavior during interval or at specific moments in time
3 forms of time sampling
Whole Interval Recording
Partial Interval Recording
Momentary Time Sampling
Whole Interval Recording
Underestimates the rate of a behavior
Through the entire interval
Partial Interval Recording
Over estimates the rate of behavior
Half the interval
Momentarily Time Sampling
Over or Under estimates the rate of behavior
End of the interval
Planned Activity Check
Groups
Variation of Momentarily Time Sampling
Groups of students
Permanent Product
Measuring behavior after it has occurred by measuring the effects the behavior produced on the environment
3 trustworthy measurements
Validity
Accuracy
Reliability
Validity
Directly measuring socially significant target behaviors.
Measuring dimension of the target behavior relevant to the question or concern about the behavior
Threats measurement validity
Indirect Measurements
Measuring the wrong dimension of the target bx
measurement artifacts
3 causes of measurement artifacts
- Discontinuous Measurements
- Poor Scheduled Measurement Periods
- Insensitive or limiting measurement scales
Accuracy
Observed Value
True Value
Requires special or precautions that all possible sources of error have been removed
Reliability
Measurement procedures yields the same value when brought into repeated contact with the same state of nature
Same results repeatedly
Observer Drift
Alter the way they measure a behavior
Measurement Bias
Errors in measurement likely to be in one direction
Naive Observers
Minimize measurement bias. Trained observer who is unaware of the study purpose
Observer Reactivity
Error resulting from an observers knowledge that others are evaluating the data they report
4 event recording IOAS
Total Count
Mean Count per interval
Exact count per interval
Trial by Trial IOA
2 timing/duration ioa
Total Duration IOA
Mean Duration
3 time sampling IOA’s
Interval by Interval
Scored Interval
Unscored IOA
Total count is
the simplest method
Exact count is the
most strict
