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Applied Behavior Analysis > Section 2 Foundational Knowledge > Flashcards

Section 2 Foundational Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Response

A

Single Instance of Behavior

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2
Q

Behavior VS Response

A

Large Set/Class of responses that share physical dimensions or functions

Response- Single instance of behavior

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3
Q

Repertoire

A
  1. All behaviors that an individual can do

2. Collection of knowledge and skills an individual has learned that are relevant to a particular task

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4
Q

Environment

A

Complex, Dynamic universe of events that differs from instance to instance

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5
Q

Stimuli

A

Physical events that affect the behavior of an individual
Internal/External to the individual
Prior,During or After a Behavior.
“Temporal Locus” of a stimuli

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6
Q

3 types of a nervous system

A
  1. Proprioceptive
  2. Interoceptive
  3. Exteroceptive
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7
Q

Proprioceptive

A

Stimulation from joints, tendons, muscles, balance and movement

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8
Q

Interoceptive

A

Internal Events
Headaches
Hunger Pains

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9
Q

Exteroceptive

A

5 Senses

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10
Q

Stimulus Class

A

Group of antecedent stimuli has a common effect on an operant class

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11
Q

3 types of stimulus class

A

Formal
Temporal
Functional

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12
Q

Formal Class

A

Physical Features of Stimuli

“Size,Color, Intensity, and Weight”

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13
Q

Temporal Class

A

Time

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14
Q

Functional Class

A

Stimulus Changes are understood best though a functional analysis of their effects on behavior

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15
Q

Feature Stimulus Class

A

Common Topographies
Relative Relations
Concept of a dog, horse, tree, onion bigger or smaller
“Stimulus Generalization”

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16
Q

Arbitrary Stimulus Class

A

Class evoke same response but they do not share common features

Apple,Banana,Kiwi=Fruit

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17
Q

Consequences

A

Affect FUTURE behavior

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18
Q

Automaticy

A

person does not have to know what a consequence means for it to work

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19
Q

Automatic Reinforcement

A

Occurs independent of social mediation of others. Other people DO NOT deliver the consequence

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20
Q

Negative Automatic Reinforcement

A

Putting lotion on dry skin relieves dryness

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21
Q

Positive Automatic Reinforcement

A

you taste salty caramel brownies for the first time and now you bake them all the time

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22
Q

Automatic Punishment

A

Occurs independent of the social mediation of others.

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23
Q

2 Types of Automatic Punishment

A

Negative and Positive Automatic Punishments

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24
Q

Reinforcement

A

Duration
Latency
Magnitude
Topography

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25
Q

Possible Unwanted Effects of Reinforcement

A

Positive Reinforcement
Rule Governed Behaviors
Contingency Shaped Behaviors

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26
Q

Behavior Contrast

A

Positive Behavior Contrast

Negative Behavior Contrast

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27
Q

Positive Behavior Contrast

A

behavior increases for more favorable reinforcers after being exposed to a reinforcer that has become less favorable

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28
Q

Negative behavior contrast

A

Behavior decreases for less favorable reinforcer after being exposed to a reinforcer that is more favorable

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29
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

SR+ Process occurs when behavior is followed immediately by presentation of stimulus that increases future frequency of the behavior

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30
Q

5 Types of Positive Reinforcers

A 
Edibles 
Activity
Tangibles
Sensory
Social
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31
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

Process occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by a reduction or removal of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of behavior in similar conditions

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32
Q

2 types of negative reinforcement

A

Escape

Avoidance

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33
Q

ESCAPE

A

Stops an ongoing stimulus from an unpleasant situation

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34
Q

Avoidance

A

prevents or postpones presentation of a stimulus

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35
Q

Discriminated Avoidance.

A

Responding in a presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from escape is a reinforcer

36
Q

Free Operant-Avoidance

A

NO WARNING! Responses at any time during the interval prior to the scheduled onset of an aversive stimulus delay in the presentation of the aversive stimulus

37
Q

Unconditioned Reinforcer/Reinforcement Unlearned Reinforcer

A

Stimulus change that can increase future frequency of behavior without prior pairing with any form of reinforcement.

38
Q

Conditioned Reinforcer Learned Reinforcer

A

Previously neutral stimulus acquires the ability to function as a reinforcer through stimulus-stimulus pairing with one or more unconditioned or conditioned reinforcers.

History is required

39
Q

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

A

$$$
Token Systems
Social Attention and Praise

40
Q

Punishment

A

Decreases the future frequency of similar repsonses

Defined by function and not topography

41
Q

Possible Unwanted Effects of Punishment

A

After you stop punishment, the behavior may reoccur

Emotional/Aggressive reactions may be produced in the client.

Escape/Avoidance of the people implementing the procedure or the setting in which the procedures are implemented

42
Q

Positive Punishment

A

Process occurs when the addition of a stimulus immediately following a behavior results in decrease in the future frequency of a behavior

43
Q

5 types of positive punishment

A
  1. Reprimand
  2. Overcorrection
  3. Shock
  4. Exercise/Contigent Exercise
  5. Response Block
44
Q

Resitutional Overcorrection

A

Repair environment to its original state before the behavior and make it a lot better on top of that

45
Q

Positive Practice Overcorrection

A

Replacement behavior. The individual is required to repeatedly perform a correct form of the behavior for a certain amount of time or certain amount of times

46
Q

Negative Punishment

A

Process that occurs when a response is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of a similar response

47
Q

Response Cost

A

Loss of a specific amount of reinforcement contingent of a behavior

48
Q

2 types of Time out

A

non-exclusionary time out

exclusionary time out

49
Q

4 types of non-exclusionary time out

A
  1. Ignoring/Planned Ignoring
  2. With-drawl of a specific positive reinforcer
  3. Observation/Contigent Observation
  4. Ribbon/Timeout Ribbon
50
Q

3 types of exclusionary time out

A
  1. Time out Room
  2. Hallway Time Out
  3. Partition Time out
51
Q

Unconditioned Punishment

A

AKA-Unlearned Punishers Stimulus change that decreases the frequency of any bx that immediately proceeds it
No learning history required.
Phylogeny

52
Q

Conditioned Punishment

A

Aka-Learned Punishers. Previously neutral stimulus that functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more other punishers.

Products of ontogeny.

53
Q

Generalized Conditioned Punishers

A

AKA-Generalized Punishers. Type conditioned punishers that has been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned punishers

54
Q

Verbal Analog Conditioning

A

Pairing procedure where previously neutral stimuli can become conditioned punishers or reinforcers for humans without direct pairing

55
Q

Extinction

A

Previously reinforced response is discontinued so that behavior decreases in future

56
Q

Possible Unwanted Effects of Extinction

A

Physical Aggression
Emotional Outbursts
Verbal Aggression
Extinction Bursts/ Induced Aggressions

57
Q

3 types of extinction

A 
Positive Reinforcement
Automatic Reinforcement (Sensory Extinction)
Negative Reinforcement (Escape Extinction)
58
Q

Extinction Burst

A

Immediate increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is implemented

59
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

Pattern in which behavior that diminished during the extinction process reoccurs

60
Q

Resistance to Extinction

A

Long history of reinforcement. Intermittent Schedules of reinforcement are more resistant to extinction than continuous reinforcement

61
Q

Stimulus Control

A 
When the
rate/frequency
latency
duration
amplitude of response is altered in the presence of an antecedent stimulus
62
Q

Masking

A

Stimulus has acquired stimulus control over a behavior, a stimulus can block the evocative function of that stimulus

63
Q

Overshadowing

A

1 stimulus condition interferes with the acquisition of a stimulus control by another stimulus.

64
Q

Discriminative Stimulus

A

Stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of response have occurred and not been reinforced in the past.

65
Q

Stimulus Delta

A

No reinforcement paired

66
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

When antecedent stimulus has a history of evoking a response that has been reinforced in its presence, the same type of behavior tends to be evoked by stimuli that share similar physical properties

67
Q

Stimulus Discrimination

A

Occurs when new stimuli do not evoke the same response as the controlling stimulus

68
Q

Concept

A

Not Mentalism

69
Q

Simple Discrimination

A

Antecedent evokes or abates the behavior

70
Q

Conditional Discrimination

A

Form complex stimulus control in which. the role of one discriminative stimulus is conditional on the presence of other discriminative stimuli

71
Q

Matching to Sample

A

Selecting a comparison stimulus corresponding to a sample stimulus

72
Q

Stimulus Equivalence

A

Accurate Responding to untrained and non-reinforced stimulus-stimulus relations following the reinforcement of responses to some stimulus-stimulus relations

73
Q

3 parts of stimulus equivalence

A
  1. Reflexivity
  2. Symmetry
  3. Transitivity
74
Q

Equivalence Class

A

Results from stimulus equivalence training the symbolic matching to sample procedures.

75
Q

Rule Governed Behaviors

A

Verbal Description of behavior contingencies. Learning rules in a way that peoples behavior comes under control of consequences.

76
Q

Contingencies Shaped Behavior

A

Behavior is directly controlled by a contingencies, not rules

77
Q

MO

A

Describes the environmental variable that alters reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus

Alters the frequency of all behaviors that have been reinforced.

78
Q

Establishing Operations

A

Type of MO that increases the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer

79
Q

Value Altering Affect

A

Increase in the current reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus

When you hungry food is reinforcing at the moment

80
Q

Behavior Altering Affect

A

Increase the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same MO

Your behavior changes to go and try to get food

81
Q

Function-Altering Effect

A

MO also have function-altering effects on behavior.

Refers how the future behavior of a person change because of the MO they are experiencing in the moment

82
Q

UMO

A

There are events, operations and stimulus condition with value altering motivating effects that are UNLEARNED

83
Q

Surrogate CMO

84
Q

Reflexive CMO

A

Aversive Escaping Events

85
Q

Transitive CMO

Applied Behavior Analysis (6 decks)

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