Section 2 Foundational Knowledge Flashcards
1
Q
Response
A
Single Instance of Behavior
2
Q
Behavior VS Response
A
Large Set/Class of responses that share physical dimensions or functions
Response- Single instance of behavior
3
Q
Repertoire
A
- All behaviors that an individual can do
2. Collection of knowledge and skills an individual has learned that are relevant to a particular task
4
Q
Environment
A
Complex, Dynamic universe of events that differs from instance to instance
5
Q
Stimuli
A
Physical events that affect the behavior of an individual
Internal/External to the individual
Prior,During or After a Behavior.
“Temporal Locus” of a stimuli
6
Q
3 types of a nervous system
A
- Proprioceptive
- Interoceptive
- Exteroceptive
7
Q
Proprioceptive
A
Stimulation from joints, tendons, muscles, balance and movement
8
Q
Interoceptive
A
Internal Events
Headaches
Hunger Pains
9
Q
Exteroceptive
A
5 Senses
10
Q
Stimulus Class
A
Group of antecedent stimuli has a common effect on an operant class
11
Q
3 types of stimulus class
A
Formal
Temporal
Functional
12
Q
Formal Class
A
Physical Features of Stimuli
“Size,Color, Intensity, and Weight”
13
Q
Temporal Class
A
Time
14
Q
Functional Class
A
Stimulus Changes are understood best though a functional analysis of their effects on behavior
15
Q
Feature Stimulus Class
A
Common Topographies
Relative Relations
Concept of a dog, horse, tree, onion bigger or smaller
“Stimulus Generalization”
16
Q
Arbitrary Stimulus Class
A
Class evoke same response but they do not share common features
Apple,Banana,Kiwi=Fruit
17
Q
Consequences
A
Affect FUTURE behavior
18
Q
Automaticy
A
person does not have to know what a consequence means for it to work
19
Q
Automatic Reinforcement
A
Occurs independent of social mediation of others. Other people DO NOT deliver the consequence
20
Q
Negative Automatic Reinforcement
A
Putting lotion on dry skin relieves dryness
21
Q
Positive Automatic Reinforcement
A
you taste salty caramel brownies for the first time and now you bake them all the time
22
Q
Automatic Punishment
A
Occurs independent of the social mediation of others.
23
Q
2 Types of Automatic Punishment
A
Negative and Positive Automatic Punishments
24
Q
Reinforcement
A
Duration
Latency
Magnitude
Topography
25
Possible Unwanted Effects of Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Rule Governed Behaviors
Contingency Shaped Behaviors
26
Behavior Contrast
Positive Behavior Contrast
| Negative Behavior Contrast
27
Positive Behavior Contrast
behavior increases for more favorable reinforcers after being exposed to a reinforcer that has become less favorable
28
Negative behavior contrast
Behavior decreases for less favorable reinforcer after being exposed to a reinforcer that is more favorable
29
Positive Reinforcement
SR+ Process occurs when behavior is followed immediately by presentation of stimulus that increases future frequency of the behavior
30
5 Types of Positive Reinforcers
```
Edibles
Activity
Tangibles
Sensory
Social
```
31
Negative Reinforcement
Process occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by a reduction or removal of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of behavior in similar conditions
32
2 types of negative reinforcement
Escape
| Avoidance
33
ESCAPE
Stops an ongoing stimulus from an unpleasant situation
34
Avoidance
prevents or postpones presentation of a stimulus
35
Discriminated Avoidance.
Responding in a presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from escape is a reinforcer
36
Free Operant-Avoidance
NO WARNING! Responses at any time during the interval prior to the scheduled onset of an aversive stimulus delay in the presentation of the aversive stimulus
37
Unconditioned Reinforcer/Reinforcement *Unlearned Reinforcer*
Stimulus change that can increase future frequency of behavior without prior pairing with any form of reinforcement.
38
Conditioned Reinforcer *Learned Reinforcer*
Previously neutral stimulus acquires the ability to function as a reinforcer through stimulus-stimulus pairing with one or more unconditioned or conditioned reinforcers.
History is required
39
Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer
$$$
Token Systems
Social Attention and Praise
40
Punishment
Decreases the future frequency of similar repsonses
| Defined by function and not topography
41
Possible Unwanted Effects of Punishment
After you stop punishment, the behavior may reoccur
Emotional/Aggressive reactions may be produced in the client.
Escape/Avoidance of the people implementing the procedure or the setting in which the procedures are implemented
42
Positive Punishment
Process occurs when the addition of a stimulus immediately following a behavior results in decrease in the future frequency of a behavior
43
5 types of positive punishment
1. Reprimand
2. Overcorrection
3. Shock
4. Exercise/Contigent Exercise
5. Response Block
44
Resitutional Overcorrection
Repair environment to its original state before the behavior and make it a lot better on top of that
45
Positive Practice Overcorrection
Replacement behavior. The individual is required to repeatedly perform a correct form of the behavior for a certain amount of time or certain amount of times
46
Negative Punishment
Process that occurs when a response is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of a similar response
47
Response Cost
Loss of a specific amount of reinforcement contingent of a behavior
48
2 types of Time out
non-exclusionary time out
| exclusionary time out
49
4 types of non-exclusionary time out
1. Ignoring/Planned Ignoring
2. With-drawl of a specific positive reinforcer
3. Observation/Contigent Observation
4. Ribbon/Timeout Ribbon
50
3 types of exclusionary time out
1. Time out Room
2. Hallway Time Out
3. Partition Time out
51
Unconditioned Punishment
AKA-Unlearned Punishers Stimulus change that decreases the frequency of any bx that immediately proceeds it
No learning history required.
Phylogeny
52
Conditioned Punishment
Aka-Learned Punishers. Previously neutral stimulus that functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more other punishers.
Products of ontogeny.
53
Generalized Conditioned Punishers
AKA-Generalized Punishers. Type conditioned punishers that has been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned punishers
54
Verbal Analog Conditioning
Pairing procedure where previously neutral stimuli can become conditioned punishers or reinforcers for humans without direct pairing
55
Extinction
Previously reinforced response is discontinued so that behavior decreases in future
56
Possible Unwanted Effects of Extinction
Physical Aggression
Emotional Outbursts
Verbal Aggression
Extinction Bursts/ Induced Aggressions
57
3 types of extinction
```
Positive Reinforcement
Automatic Reinforcement (Sensory Extinction)
Negative Reinforcement (Escape Extinction)
```
58
Extinction Burst
Immediate increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is implemented
59
Spontaneous Recovery
Pattern in which behavior that diminished during the extinction process reoccurs
60
Resistance to Extinction
Long history of reinforcement. Intermittent Schedules of reinforcement are more resistant to extinction than continuous reinforcement
61
Stimulus Control
```
When the
rate/frequency
latency
duration
amplitude of response is altered in the presence of an antecedent stimulus
```
62
Masking
Stimulus has acquired stimulus control over a behavior, a stimulus can block the evocative function of that stimulus
63
Overshadowing
1 stimulus condition interferes with the acquisition of a stimulus control by another stimulus.
64
Discriminative Stimulus
Stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of response have occurred and not been reinforced in the past.
65
Stimulus Delta
No reinforcement paired
66
Stimulus Generalization
When antecedent stimulus has a history of evoking a response that has been reinforced in its presence, the same type of behavior tends to be evoked by stimuli that share similar physical properties
67
Stimulus Discrimination
Occurs when new stimuli do not evoke the same response as the controlling stimulus
68
Concept
Not Mentalism
69
Simple Discrimination
Antecedent evokes or abates the behavior
70
Conditional Discrimination
Form complex stimulus control in which. the role of one discriminative stimulus is conditional on the presence of other discriminative stimuli
71
Matching to Sample
Selecting a comparison stimulus corresponding to a sample stimulus
72
Stimulus Equivalence
Accurate Responding to untrained and non-reinforced stimulus-stimulus relations following the reinforcement of responses to some stimulus-stimulus relations
73
3 parts of stimulus equivalence
1. Reflexivity
2. Symmetry
3. Transitivity
74
Equivalence Class
Results from stimulus equivalence training the symbolic matching to sample procedures.
75
Rule Governed Behaviors
Verbal Description of behavior contingencies. Learning rules in a way that peoples behavior comes under control of consequences.
76
Contingencies Shaped Behavior
Behavior is directly controlled by a contingencies, not rules
77
MO
Describes the environmental variable that alters reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus
Alters the frequency of all behaviors that have been reinforced.
78
Establishing Operations
Type of MO that increases the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer
79
Value Altering Affect
Increase in the current reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus
When you hungry food is reinforcing at the moment
80
Behavior Altering Affect
Increase the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same MO
Your behavior changes to go and try to get food
81
Function-Altering Effect
MO also have function-altering effects on behavior.
Refers how the future behavior of a person change because of the MO they are experiencing in the moment
82
UMO
There are events, operations and stimulus condition with value altering motivating effects that are UNLEARNED
83
Surrogate CMO
Paired
84
Reflexive CMO
Aversive Escaping Events
85
Transitive CMO
A Tool.
