Section 3 Flashcards
Discrimination
Occurs when limited spectrum of stimulus occasion a response.
Generalization
Occurs when a large spectrum of stimuli occasion a certain response.
2 types of generalization
Stimulus Generalization
Response Generalization
Stimulus Generalization
Antecedent Stimuli
Sharing aspects of the original Sd
Spectrum of stimuli that occasion a certain response.
Overgeneralization
Emitting a response appropriate to some context in an inappropriate context
Response Generalization
AKA Response Induction
Individual exhibits novel responses that are functionally equivalent to trained target response
7 ways to promote generalization
Common Stimuli Train Loosely Exemplar Training Mediation Indiscriminable Contingencies Negative Teaching Examples General Case Analysis
Maintenance
#Response Following the removal of an intervention Response remains in the individual's repertoire
Verbal Behavior
Skinner
Published in 1957
Private Events
Thoughts and Feelings
Inside the skin
Verbal Behavior Definition
Behavior is reinforced through the mediation of another persons behavior
Skinners 6 Elementary Verbal Operants
Echoic Mand Intraverbal Textual Transcription
Echoic
speaker repeats the verbal behavior of another speaker.
Verbal SD
Point to point correspondence
Formal Similarity
Mand
Controlled by MO’s
WANTS/Requests
Two Types of Mands
Regular Mand
Extended Mand
Intraverbal
Answering a question
Generalized conditioned reinforcement
Tact
Speaker has direct contact with through any of sense modes
Non-Verbal SD
4 types of tact extensions
Solistic
Metaphorical
Metonymical
Generic
Solistic Extension
Poor Language
Metaphorical Extension
Metaphors
“His heart is as black as coal”
Metonymical Extension
Verbal responses to novel stimuli that share non of the relevant features of the original stimulus
Generic Extension
Novel stimulus shares all relevant or defining features of the original stimulus control
Textual
Reading written words
Transcription
Writing or Spelling words spoken to you
Duplic
Echoic Mimetic Finger Spelling Copy a text Skywriting Gestual imitation
Codic
Textual Braille Signal Lamps Taking dictation Morse Code Flag Semaphore
Listener Training
Not a listener behavior
Often speaker and listener reside in the same skin
The role of the listener and what you need to teach them to do.
Autoclitic
Auto=Self
Verbal behavior about 1 own behavior
Schedules of Reinforcement
Rule that describes contingencies of reinforcement h
Continuous Reinforcement
Providing reinforcement for every occurrence of the target behavior
Intermittent Schedule of Reinforcement
Occurrences of the behavior are reinforced.
4 basic schedules of intermittent reinforcement
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Fixed= Constant, Set Criteria
Post Reinforcement Pause
High Rate of Responding
Contingency is met and reinforcement is provided
STEP LIKE GRAPH
Variable Ratio
STRONGEST basic schedule
High rate of responding
STRAIGHT INCLINE Graph
Fixed Interval
Slow rate to moderate
The larger the fixed interval the longer the post reinforcement pause
Scallop Effect
Variable Interval
Low to moderate rate of response
The larger the average interval the lower the overall rate of the response
Thinning Reinforcement
Increasing the response ratio or the duration of the time interval
Ex of thinning = From V4 to V6
Ex of thickining= From V6 to V4
Ratio Strain
Abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules
Limited Hold
Restriction placed on an interval schedule requiring that to be eligible for reinforcement, the primed response and the response following termination of the required interval must occur within a specified span of time following the interval.
3 variations of intermittent schedules of reinforcement
DRH
DRD
DRL
DRH
Differential reinforcement that increase behaviors
DRD
Differential reinforcement that decreases behaviors
DRL
Interresponse time
Lowering the rate of responding
Progressive Schedules of Reinforcement
Opportunity independent of a particular behavior
7 Compound Schedules of Reinforcement
Mixed Multiple Chained Tandem Concurrent Alternative Conjunctive
Mixed
No Sd
1 or more schedules
Successive
Multiple
Yes Sd
1 or more Schedules
Successive
Concurrent
2 or more schedules Possible Sd Matching Law Choice Simultaneous
Tandem
No Sd
1 or more schedules
Successive
Chained
Sd
1 or more schedules
Successive
Alternative
1 schedule
Possible Sd
Either/Or
Simultaneous
Conjunctive
1 schedule
Possible Sd
And/Both
Simultaneous
Adjunctive Behaviors
Behaviors that are brough about by schedules of reinforcement during times when reinforcement is unlikely to be delivered
Schedules of Punishment
Information provided above on how to schedule reinforcement also relates to how to schedule punishment
