Section 5-Experimental Design Flashcards
Experimental Control
#Functional Relations #Analysis #Control
Predictable Change in behavior
Produced by systematic manipulations of the individuals environment
Behavior - 4 elements
Individualized
Continuous
Determined
Extrinsic to the organism
1 subject (single subject design)
Does not mean there is one 1 subject
Subject acts as his/her own control
Measures the client’s behavior
#within subject Designs #Intra-Subject Designs
6 different Experimental Question
1 subject 1 behavior 1 setting 1 treatment A measurement system and ongoing data Experimental Design
2 types of experimental designs
Nonparametric
Parametric
Nonparametric Analysis
On/Off
Parametric Analysis
Dosage- modifying the behavior/iv
Steady State Responding
Pattern of responding
Provides basis for baseline logic
3 Baseline Logic
Prediction
Verification
Replication
Steady State Strategy
Repeated exposure of given subject to a given condition
trying to eliminate extraneous influences on behavior
obtain stable pattern of responding before introducing next condition
Function Baseline Data
Control Condition
Benefits of baseline data
Use the client’s performance in the absence of the IV as an objective basis for detecting change
Descriptions of ABC correlations for the planning of an effective treatment
Guide us in setting criteria for reinforcement
4 patterns of baseline logic
Descending
Ascending
Variable
Stable
5 main experimental designs
Multiple Baseline Changing Criterion Reversal Alternating Treatment Withdrawl
Multiple baseline
MOSTLY USED
Behaviors,Settings,Individuals
3 types of multiple baseline
Multiple Baseline Across
1) Behaviors
2) Settings
3) Individuals
2 types of weaker variations of multiple baseline
Multiple Probe
Delayed Multiple Baseline
Advantages of Multiple Baseline
Successful Intervention doesnt need to be removed
Evaluates Generalization
Easy to implement
Disadvantages of Multiple Baseline
Functional relationship is not directly shown
IV may be delayed for certain behaviors,settings, kids
Changing Criterion
1 behavior
Already in the client’s repertoire
Guidelines for Changing Criterion
- Length of Phases
- Magnitude of Criterion Changes
- Number of criterion changes
Advantages of Changing Criterion
Does not require reversal of improved behavior
Enables experimental analysis within the context of improving behavior
Disadvantages of Changing Criterion
Target behavior must already be in their repertoire.
Not appropriate for analyzing the effects of shaping
Not a comparison design
Reversal Design
#ABAB #BABA Most powerful within subject design
Reversal 3 Consecutive Phases
Initial Baseline
Intervention
Return to baseline
5 variations of the reversal design
Repeated Reversals DRO/DRA/DRI Reversal Technique NCR Reversal Design BAB Multiple Treatment Design
Sequence Effects
Effect on client’s behavior in a phase that result of the subject’s experience with a prior condition
Advantages of Reversal
Clear demonstration of the existance/absence
Functional Relation between iv/dv
Count the amount of bx change
Return to baseline tell us we need a program for maintence
Disadvantages of Reversal
Irreversibility
3 variations of alternating treatment design
- Single phase without baseline
- with baseline
- With baseline and final best treatment phase
Alternating Treatment Design
2 or more conditions are presented rapidly
Compares 2 or more IVs to one another to see which IV would be best to work with a client
Based on stimulus discrimination
Alternated across daily sessions
Given sessions occurring same day
3 problems avoided by alternating treatment design
Irreversibility
Sequence Effects
Unstable Data
Advantages Alternating Treatment
Does not require treatment withdrawal
Speedy comparison
Minimizes irreversibility problems
Can be used with unstable data
Disadvantages Alternating Treatment
Multiple treatment interference
How to identify praticial and ethical considerations in single case/ experimental designs to demonstrate treatment effectiveness
1) Trends
2) Variability
3) Phases
2 types of validity in experimental designs
- Internal Validity
2. External Validity
Internal Validity
confirmation of the functional relation between
1) The experiment (iv)
2) the result (dv)
When one concludes that A causes B then they can say they have strong internal validity
Cofounding Variables
Any uncontrolled factor known or suspected to exert influence on the dependent variable.
Extraneous Variables
Any aspect of the setting that must be held constant to prevent unplanned environmental` variations
External Validity
Results are generalizable to other setting,subjects,behaviors
2 types of scientific replication methods in aba
- Direct Replication
2. Systematic Replication
Treatment Integrity
Precise operational definitions Simplify, Standardize Training/Practice Collect treatment integrity data Observation and valibration to give the reseracher the ongoing ability to retaining Reduce, Eliminate,Identify
2 types of errors in evaluating aba reserach
Type 1 error (False Positive)
Type 2 error (Nalse Negative)
4 cofounding threats to internal validity
Measurement cofound
IV Cofound
Subject Cofound
Setting Cofound
