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Applied Behavior Analysis > Section 5-Experimental Design > Flashcards

Section 5-Experimental Design Flashcards

1
Q

Experimental Control

A 
#Functional Relations
#Analysis 
#Control

Predictable Change in behavior
Produced by systematic manipulations of the individuals environment

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2
Q

Behavior - 4 elements

A

Individualized
Continuous
Determined
Extrinsic to the organism

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3
Q

1 subject (single subject design)

A

Does not mean there is one 1 subject
Subject acts as his/her own control
Measures the client’s behavior

#within subject Designs
#Intra-Subject Designs
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4
Q

6 different Experimental Question

A 
1 subject 
1 behavior 
1 setting 
1 treatment 
A measurement system and ongoing data 
Experimental Design
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5
Q

2 types of experimental designs

A

Nonparametric

Parametric

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6
Q

Nonparametric Analysis

A

On/Off

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7
Q

Parametric Analysis

A

Dosage- modifying the behavior/iv

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8
Q

Steady State Responding

A

Pattern of responding

Provides basis for baseline logic

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9
Q

3 Baseline Logic

A

Prediction
Verification
Replication

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10
Q

Steady State Strategy

A

Repeated exposure of given subject to a given condition

trying to eliminate extraneous influences on behavior

obtain stable pattern of responding before introducing next condition

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11
Q

Function Baseline Data

A

Control Condition

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12
Q

Benefits of baseline data

A

Use the client’s performance in the absence of the IV as an objective basis for detecting change

Descriptions of ABC correlations for the planning of an effective treatment

Guide us in setting criteria for reinforcement

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13
Q

4 patterns of baseline logic

A

Descending
Ascending
Variable
Stable

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14
Q

5 main experimental designs

A 
Multiple Baseline 
Changing Criterion
Reversal
Alternating Treatment
Withdrawl
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15
Q

Multiple baseline

A

MOSTLY USED

Behaviors,Settings,Individuals

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16
Q

3 types of multiple baseline

A

Multiple Baseline Across

1) Behaviors
2) Settings
3) Individuals

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17
Q

2 types of weaker variations of multiple baseline

A

Multiple Probe

Delayed Multiple Baseline

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18
Q

Advantages of Multiple Baseline

A

Successful Intervention doesnt need to be removed
Evaluates Generalization
Easy to implement

19
Q

Disadvantages of Multiple Baseline

A

Functional relationship is not directly shown

IV may be delayed for certain behaviors,settings, kids

20
Q

Changing Criterion

A

1 behavior

Already in the client’s repertoire

21
Q

Guidelines for Changing Criterion

A
  1. Length of Phases
  2. Magnitude of Criterion Changes
  3. Number of criterion changes
22
Q

Advantages of Changing Criterion

A

Does not require reversal of improved behavior

Enables experimental analysis within the context of improving behavior

23
Q

Disadvantages of Changing Criterion

A

Target behavior must already be in their repertoire.
Not appropriate for analyzing the effects of shaping
Not a comparison design

24
Q

Reversal Design

A 
#ABAB 
#BABA
Most powerful within subject design
25
Q

Reversal 3 Consecutive Phases

A

Initial Baseline
Intervention
Return to baseline

26
Q

5 variations of the reversal design

A 
Repeated Reversals
DRO/DRA/DRI Reversal Technique
NCR Reversal Design
BAB
Multiple Treatment Design
27
Q

Sequence Effects

A

Effect on client’s behavior in a phase that result of the subject’s experience with a prior condition

28
Q

Advantages of Reversal

A

Clear demonstration of the existance/absence
Functional Relation between iv/dv
Count the amount of bx change
Return to baseline tell us we need a program for maintence

29
Q

Disadvantages of Reversal

A

Irreversibility

30
Q

3 variations of alternating treatment design

A
  1. Single phase without baseline
  2. with baseline
  3. With baseline and final best treatment phase
31
Q

Alternating Treatment Design

A

2 or more conditions are presented rapidly
Compares 2 or more IVs to one another to see which IV would be best to work with a client

Based on stimulus discrimination
Alternated across daily sessions
Given sessions occurring same day

32
Q

3 problems avoided by alternating treatment design

A

Irreversibility
Sequence Effects
Unstable Data

33
Q

Advantages Alternating Treatment

A

Does not require treatment withdrawal
Speedy comparison
Minimizes irreversibility problems
Can be used with unstable data

34
Q

Disadvantages Alternating Treatment

A

Multiple treatment interference

35
Q

How to identify praticial and ethical considerations in single case/ experimental designs to demonstrate treatment effectiveness

A

1) Trends
2) Variability
3) Phases

36
Q

2 types of validity in experimental designs

A
  1. Internal Validity

2. External Validity

37
Q

Internal Validity

A

confirmation of the functional relation between

1) The experiment (iv)
2) the result (dv)

When one concludes that A causes B then they can say they have strong internal validity

38
Q

Cofounding Variables

A

Any uncontrolled factor known or suspected to exert influence on the dependent variable.

39
Q

Extraneous Variables

A

Any aspect of the setting that must be held constant to prevent unplanned environmental` variations

40
Q

External Validity

A

Results are generalizable to other setting,subjects,behaviors

41
Q

2 types of scientific replication methods in aba

A
  1. Direct Replication

2. Systematic Replication

42
Q

Treatment Integrity

A 
Precise operational definitions
Simplify, Standardize 
Training/Practice 
Collect treatment integrity data
Observation and valibration to give the reseracher the ongoing ability to retaining 
Reduce, Eliminate,Identify
43
Q

2 types of errors in evaluating aba reserach

A

Type 1 error (False Positive)

Type 2 error (Nalse Negative)

44
Q

4 cofounding threats to internal validity

A

Measurement cofound
IV Cofound
Subject Cofound
Setting Cofound

Applied Behavior Analysis (6 decks)

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