Section 5-Experimental Design

Question 1

Experimental Control

Answer 1

#Functional Relations
#Analysis 
#Control

Predictable Change in behavior
Produced by systematic manipulations of the individuals environment

Question 2

Behavior - 4 elements

Answer 2

Individualized
Continuous
Determined
Extrinsic to the organism

Question 3

1 subject (single subject design)

Answer 3

Does not mean there is one 1 subject
Subject acts as his/her own control
Measures the client’s behavior

#within subject Designs
#Intra-Subject Designs

Question 4

6 different Experimental Question

Answer 4

1 subject 
1 behavior 
1 setting 
1 treatment 
A measurement system and ongoing data 
Experimental Design

Question 5

2 types of experimental designs

Answer 5

Nonparametric

Parametric

Question 6

Nonparametric Analysis

Answer 6

On/Off

Question 7

Parametric Analysis

Answer 7

Dosage- modifying the behavior/iv

Question 8

Steady State Responding

Answer 8

Pattern of responding

Provides basis for baseline logic

Question 9

3 Baseline Logic

Answer 9

Prediction
Verification
Replication

Question 10

Steady State Strategy

Answer 10

Repeated exposure of given subject to a given condition

trying to eliminate extraneous influences on behavior

obtain stable pattern of responding before introducing next condition

Question 11

Function Baseline Data

Answer 11

Control Condition

Question 12

Benefits of baseline data

Answer 12

Use the client’s performance in the absence of the IV as an objective basis for detecting change

Descriptions of ABC correlations for the planning of an effective treatment

Guide us in setting criteria for reinforcement

Question 13

4 patterns of baseline logic

Answer 13

Descending
Ascending
Variable
Stable

Question 14

5 main experimental designs

Answer 14

Multiple Baseline 
Changing Criterion
Reversal
Alternating Treatment
Withdrawl

Question 15

Multiple baseline

Answer 15

MOSTLY USED

Behaviors,Settings,Individuals

Question 16

3 types of multiple baseline

Answer 16

Multiple Baseline Across

1) Behaviors
2) Settings
3) Individuals

Question 17

2 types of weaker variations of multiple baseline

Answer 17

Multiple Probe

Delayed Multiple Baseline

Question 18

Advantages of Multiple Baseline

Answer 18

Successful Intervention doesnt need to be removed
Evaluates Generalization
Easy to implement

Question 19

Disadvantages of Multiple Baseline

Answer 19

Functional relationship is not directly shown

IV may be delayed for certain behaviors,settings, kids

Question 20

Changing Criterion

Answer 20

1 behavior

Already in the client’s repertoire

Question 21

Guidelines for Changing Criterion

Answer 21

1. Length of Phases
2. Magnitude of Criterion Changes
3. Number of criterion changes

Question 22

Advantages of Changing Criterion

Answer 22

Does not require reversal of improved behavior

Enables experimental analysis within the context of improving behavior

Question 23

Disadvantages of Changing Criterion

Answer 23

Target behavior must already be in their repertoire.
Not appropriate for analyzing the effects of shaping
Not a comparison design

Question 24

Reversal Design

Answer 24

#ABAB 
#BABA
Most powerful within subject design

Question 25

Reversal 3 Consecutive Phases

Answer 25

Initial Baseline Intervention Return to baseline

Question 26

5 variations of the reversal design

Answer 26

``` Repeated Reversals DRO/DRA/DRI Reversal Technique NCR Reversal Design BAB Multiple Treatment Design ```

Question 27

Sequence Effects

Answer 27

Effect on client's behavior in a phase that result of the subject's experience with a prior condition

Question 28

Advantages of Reversal

Answer 28

Clear demonstration of the existance/absence Functional Relation between iv/dv Count the amount of bx change Return to baseline tell us we need a program for maintence

Question 29

Disadvantages of Reversal

Answer 29

Irreversibility

Question 30

3 variations of alternating treatment design

Answer 30

1. Single phase without baseline 2. with baseline 3. With baseline and final best treatment phase

Question 31

Alternating Treatment Design

Answer 31

2 or more conditions are presented rapidly Compares 2 or more IVs to one another to see which IV would be best to work with a client Based on stimulus discrimination Alternated across daily sessions Given sessions occurring same day

Question 32

3 problems avoided by alternating treatment design

Answer 32

Irreversibility Sequence Effects Unstable Data

Question 33

Advantages Alternating Treatment

Answer 33

Does not require treatment withdrawal Speedy comparison Minimizes irreversibility problems Can be used with unstable data

Question 34

Disadvantages Alternating Treatment

Answer 34

Multiple treatment interference

Question 35

How to identify praticial and ethical considerations in single case/ experimental designs to demonstrate treatment effectiveness

Answer 35

1) Trends 2) Variability 3) Phases

Question 36

2 types of validity in experimental designs

Answer 36

1. Internal Validity | 2. External Validity

Question 37

Internal Validity

Answer 37

confirmation of the functional relation between 1) The experiment (iv) 2) the result (dv) When one concludes that A causes B then they can say they have strong internal validity

Question 38

Cofounding Variables

Answer 38

Any uncontrolled factor known or suspected to exert influence on the dependent variable.

Question 39

Extraneous Variables

Answer 39

Any aspect of the setting that must be held constant to prevent unplanned environmental` variations

Question 40

External Validity

Answer 40

Results are generalizable to other setting,subjects,behaviors

Question 41

2 types of scientific replication methods in aba

Answer 41

1. Direct Replication | 2. Systematic Replication

Question 42

Treatment Integrity

Answer 42

``` Precise operational definitions Simplify, Standardize Training/Practice Collect treatment integrity data Observation and valibration to give the reseracher the ongoing ability to retaining Reduce, Eliminate,Identify ```

Question 43

2 types of errors in evaluating aba reserach

Answer 43

Type 1 error (False Positive) | Type 2 error (Nalse Negative)

Question 44

4 cofounding threats to internal validity

Answer 44

Measurement cofound IV Cofound Subject Cofound Setting Cofound