section 5 test Flashcards
serotonin stimulates other neurons to release enkephalins. t/f
true
which stimulus does not stimulate the reticular activating system (RAS)
- ana alarm clock
- pain
- smoke
- bright light
- movement of the limbs
smoke
Which of the following is an incorrect statement about a feature of the medulla oblongata?
- The inferior cerebellar peduncles are fiber tracts that connect the olives of the medulla to the cerebellum.
- The vestibular nuclear complex is found mostly in the medulla.
- Pyramids contain the main sensory tracts that pass through the brain stem from the spinal cord; they are visible on the dorsal surface of the medulla.
- Vital reflex centers for control of heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure are located in the medulla.
Pyramids contain the main sensory tracts that pass through the brain stem from the spinal cord; they are visible on the dorsal surface of the medulla.
Circumventricular organs in the wall of the third ventricle lack a blood-brain barrier. This enables them to:
- facilitate the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles.
- monitor the chemical composition of the blood.
- secrete cerebrospinal fluid into the ventricles.
- all of the above.
monitor the chemical composition of the blood
which of the following neurotransmitters does not bind to adrenergic receptors?
- adrenaline
- acetylcholine
- epinephrine
- norepinephrone
acetylcholine
Which of the following lines the eyelid and covers the sclera protecting the anterior surface of the eyeball?
- palpebral fissure
- levator palpebrae
- lacrimal caruncle
- lateral commissure
- conjectiva
conjectiva
A layer of dense connective tissue that covers all of the eyeball except the cornea is called _____.
- choroid coat
- conjunctiva
- sclera
- retina
- iris
sclera
The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier:
- is the same thing as the blood-brain barrier.
- is due mainly to tight junctions between endothelial cells of the capillaries throughout the brain tissue.
- protects the neurons of the brain from potentially harmful substances in the blood.
- is another name for cranial meninges.
protects the neurons of the brain from potentially harmful substances in the blood
Which of the following statements about the basal ganglia is TRUE?
- The largest nucleus is the globus pallidus.
- The corpus striatum consists of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus.
- The putamen and caudate nucleus regulate muscle tone required for specific movements
- All of the above.
the corpus striatum consists of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus
_ receptors are both alpha and beta and bind norepinephrine
adrenergic
Which of the following does not describe the visual pathway as light enters the eye?
- medial fibers of the retina cross over at the optic chiasma while lateral fibers do not
- all axons from the temporal half of the retina cross in the optic chiasm
- all axons of the retina exit the eye at the optic disc
- the optic tract connects to the thalamus which then travels to the primary visual area in the cortex
all axons of the temporal half of the retina cross the optic chiasma
this is a netlike region of white and gray matter that extends through the brain, maintaining consciousness
- pons
- medulla oblongata
- midbrain
- reticular formation
- decussation of pyramids
reticular formation
The ____ lies between the cochlea and the semicircular canals.
- vestibule
- tympanic membrane
- cochlea
- organ of corti
- none of the above
vestibule
in what part of the brain would you find the pneumotaxic and bpneustic areas?
- thalamus
- limbic system
- cerebellum
- pons
pons
this darkly pigmented structure reduces light reflection within the eyeball
- sclera
- conjunctiva
- iris
- choroid coat
- retina
choroid coat
the _ is a passageway through the midbrain. It connects the third and fourth ventricles
cerebral aqueduct
which of the following does not occur during sleep?
- ANS is stimulated
- decrease of heart rate
- decrease of blood pressure
- skeletal muscles can not contract
- dream during REM
ANS is stimulated
_ receptors are receptors found throughout the body that bind norepinephrine
adrenergic
in what part of the brain would you find the cerebral peduncles?
- midbrain
- medulla oblongata
- hypothalaus
- cerebrum
midbrain
these cells provide for the sense of taste.
- olfactory hair cells
- tastant cells
- basal stem cells
- general receptor cells
- gustatory cells
gustatory cells
nerve impulses from the cochlear hair cells and crest ampullaris of the inner ear are carried by cranial nerve _
vestibulocochlear VIII
static equilibrium is the equilibrium that detects sudden movement and aids in maintaining balance. t/f
false
the blood cerebrospinal fluid layer does not allow any substances from the blood to enter the CSF. t/f
false
olfactory receptors are chemoreceptors. t/f
true
the pineal gland is attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum. t/f
false
This cranial nerve is a mixed nerve that conveys impulses for touch, pain, temperature sensation and proprioception . This nerve also has motor control over mastication (chewing).
- vagus
- accessory
- hypoglossal
- glossopharygeal
- facial
- trigeminal
- trochlear
trigeminal
the first order neurons of the olfactory pathway are _ neurons called olfactory receptor cells
bipolar
Where are cold receptors found?
- Stratum Lucidum
- Dermis
- Stratum basale
- Stratum Corneum
- Hypodermis
stratum basale
_ is the deep bridge of nerve fibers connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres
- cerebral peduncles
- cerebellar peduncles
- limbic system
- thalamus
- basal ganglia
- corpus callosum
corpus callosum
which of the following is not found in the frontal lobe?
- wernickes area
- primary motor areas
- frontal eye field
- brocas area
wernickes area
the regions of the brain stem involves in the control of respiration are the:
- medulla and pons
- pons and midbrain
- midbrain and medulla
- midbrain pons and medulla
medulla and pons
some physiological responses require activation of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. t/f
true
_ is when several rods come together and send their impulses along the same nerve fiber
convergence
Which of the following is (are) not a cholinergic receptor(s)?
- alpha 1
- alpha 2
- nicotinic
- muscarinic
- both alpha 1 and alpha 2
- both nicotinic and muscarinic
both alpha 1 and alpha 2
the space within the eye between the lens and the cornea is the anterior cavity. t/f
true
activation of the sympathetic nervous system will cause
- dilation of the pupils
- constriction of the pupils
- increased urone production and wetting the pants
- a and b are correct
- a b and c are correct
dilation of the pupil
If you enter a room and smell a strong odor but the odor soon seems to fade away, you have experienced a ____
- change in the concentration of the substance.
- change in the room temperature.
- damage to your sensory receptors.
- sensory adaptation.
sensory adaption
the first step in visual transduction (nerve pathway) is:
- allowing light through pupil
- topping scattering of light
- enhancing light level
- absorbing light by photopigments
- generating action potentials in optic nerve
absorbing light by photopigments
in what part of the brain would you find the arbor vitae?
- thalamus
- limbic system
- cerebellum
- pons
cerebellum
_ equilibrium is controlled by receptors in the saccule and utricle respond to gravity and report changes in head position maintaining stability and balance when the body is still
static
_ are proprioceptors which have a thin capsule of connective tissue enclosing a few bundles of collagen fibers
golgi tendon organ
Which of the following is a way that cerebral spinal fluid contributes to homeostasis?
- Mechanical protection
- Chemical protection
- Circulation
- Both a and b
- All of the above
all of the above
which of the following responses is a result of sympathetic stimulation?
- decreased heart rate
- pupillary constriction
- increased digestive secretions
- increased rate and depth of breathing
increased rate and depth of breathing
adaption of sensory receptors involves decreasing the receptor potential as a stimulus decreases in intensity. t/f
false
Which of the following is not an event in the process of sensation?
- Stimulation of sensory receptors
- Transduction of the stimulus
- Transmission of the synapse
- Generation of impulses
- Integration of sensory input.
transmission of the synapse
_ and golgi tendon organs are proprioceptors which contain dendrites of slowly adapting sensory neurons
muscle spindles
the _ secretes tears and has a series of ducts that carries tears into the nasal cavity
lacrimal gland
muscle spindle receptors are stimulated more when?
- muscles are metabolically active and produce oxygen
- muscle tension increases
- muscle tension decreases
- muscle tension stays the same
muscle tension decreases
this fluid filled space is located in the midline of the brain beneath the corpus callous
- central canal
- cerebral aqueduct
- lateral ventricle
- fourth ventricle
- third ventricle
third ventricle
this helps maintain consciousness
- reticular activating system
- pons
- substantia nigra
- olive
- inferior peduncles
reticular activating system
the _ is the part of the brain stem that includes the cardiac and vasomotor centers
medulla oblongata
the colored portion of the eye that has a diaphragm composed of mostly connective tissue and smooth muscle is called the _
iris
when the ciliary muscles contract the lens thickens causing close focus. t/f
true
Pyramids are
- Gray matter extensions on the medulla
- White matter extensions on the medulla
- Gray matter extensions on the brain stem
- White matter extensions on the brain stem
- Superior to the medial lemniscus
white matter extensions on the medulla
the _ division of the autonomic nervous system functions primarily to allow for regenerative rest periods under less stressful situations
parasympathetic
Which of the following thalamic nuclei is correctly matched with its function?
- anterior nucleus; emotions and memory
- lateral geniculate nucleus; taste
- medial geniculate nucleus; voluntary motor actions
- ventral posterior nucleus; vision
anterior nucleus. emotions and memory
This is the space that is found between the iris and the vitreous humor.
- anterior chamber
- anterior cavity
- posterior chamber
- posterior cavity
posterior chamber
which of the following is not true about rods?
- have rhodopsin
- recognize the general outline
- black and white vision
- good vision in dim light
- found in the fovea centralis
- none of the above
found in the fovea centralis
which of the following nerves is not responsible for eyeball movement?
- abducens
- oculomotor
- trochlear
- optic
optic
which of the following is true for olfactory hairs?
- they are cilia of olfactory receptors
- they are dendrites of olfactory neurons
- they are cilia of the supporting cells
- tey produce mucus in the olfactory glands
they are cilia of olfactory receptors
Which of the following pairs of terms is incorrectly matched?
- exteroceptors; at or near the surface of the body
- proprioceptors; in walls of blood vessels
- cutaneous receptors; in skin and mucous membranes
- interoceptors; in internal organs (viscera)
proprioceptors; in walls of blood vessels
if the reticular formation is injured, the affected person might exhibit signs of
- hyperactivity
- increased metabolism
- increased sympathetic system responses
- unconsciousness, or coma
Unconsciousness, or coma
____ is an illness involving tremors of the hands, slowed movements, and muscle rigidity.
- Parkinson’s disease
- epilepsy
- schizophrenia
- myasthenia gravis
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Huntington disease
parkinsons disease
the _ division of the ANS is mostly responsible for regulating restorative, energy conserving body activities
parasympathetic
This cranial nerve is a mixed nerve that has sensory input from the viscera, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus. This nerve also has motor control over speech, swallowing, and viscera.
- vagus
- accessory
- hypoglossal
- glossopharyngeal
- facial
- trigeminal
vagus
Which of the following is not a function of the basal ganglia?
- control subconscious contraction of skeletal muscles
- influence attention, memory and planning
- help initiate and terminate movements
- assist in regulating emotional behaviors
- all the above are functions of the basal ganglia
all of the above are functions of the basal ganglia
ciliary body produces the fluid of the eye known as _
aqueous humor
this area contains neurons that release dopamine
- substantia nigra
- olive
- inferior colliculi
- cerebral peduncles
- apneustic area
substantia nigra
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine binds with which of the following types of receptors? 1) alpha, 2) beta, 3) nicotinic, and 4) muscarinic
- 1, 2, 3, 4
- 1, 2
- 3, 4
- 3 only
3, 4
_ is an endocrine gland in the brain that controls the majority of endocrine organs
Pituitary gland
in what part of the brain would you find the cerebral aqueduct?
- midbrain
- medulla oblogata
- hypothalamus
- cerebrum
midbrain
cranial nerve VI is the facial nerve. t/f
false
a generator potential produces action potentials and a receptor potential causes release of neurotransmitters. t/f
true
which of the following is not a proprioceptor?
- hair root plexus
- hair cells of the inner ear
- golgi tendon organ
- muscle spindle
hair root plexus
sensation differs from perception in that perception involves activity of the cerebral cortex. t/f
true
in what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary visual area?
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe
- parietal lobe
- frontal lobe
occipital lobe
the decrease in level of sensitivity of a receptor to a long lasting stimulus is called _
adaption
nerve impulses from taste receptors can travel in the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerve. t/f
true
the hypothalamus has a large regulatory role in the brain. t/f
true
_ are receptor cells that are more sensitive to light for good night vision
rods
Which of the following is not a true statement regarding the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?
- astrocytes play a primary role
- it consists mainly of gap junctions
- it prevents passage of possible therapeutic drugs
- it allows easy passage of lipid-soluble substances
- it prevents the flow of proteins across it
it consists mainly of gap junctions
during REM sleep
- most dreaming occurs
- most somatic motor neurons are inactive
- the RAS is inhibited by adenosine
- a and b are correct
- a b and c are correct
a b and c are correct
the awareness of differences in the external or internal environment is defined as:
- perception
- transduction
- sensation
- integration
- conduction
sensation
the _ colliculi of the midbrain contain reflex centers for sudden movements of the head and trunk in response to auditory stimuli; the _ colliculi contain reflex centers for movements of the eyes, head and neck in response to visual stimuli
inferior, superior
the photoreceptors that have black and white vision and only detect only general outlines are _
rods
a nerve is a group of fibers in the nervous system that transmits impulses. t/f
true
Which of the following does not describe the autonomic nervous system?
- the effectors are primarily skeletal muscles
- the sympathetic division generally stimulates an organ
- the sympathetic division increases heart rate
- it is under involuntary control
- the parasympathetic division decreases heart rate
the effectors are primarily skeletal muscles
melatonin is the hormone that is released by the _ which is an endocrine gland found in the brain that affects circadian rhythms in animals
pineal gland
visceral pain results from stimulating
- nociceptors
- chemoreceptors
- exteroreceptors
- proprioceptors
- none of the above
nociceptors
people would benefit from losing the ability to perceive pain. t/f
false
which of the following is not a feature of the cranial meninges?
- flax cerebelli
- flax cerebri
- tentorium cerebelli
- epidural space
epidural space
The infundibulum is the anatomical link between the brain and the pituitary gland, and therefore it is the primary link between the nervous and endocrine systems. Structures contained in the infundibulum consist of which of the following?
- a tract that transports hormones from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei to the posterior pituitary
- small blood vessels that transport regulating hormones from the median eminence if the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
- Both A and B are correct.
- Neither A or B is correct.
both a and b are correct
An accumulation of blood (hematoma) found between the cranial dura mater and the frontal bone as a result of a head injury is termed a:
- subdural hematoma
- epidural hematoma
- subarachnoid hematoma
- pial hematoma
epidural hematoma
If you forget your watch is on your arm because you can no long feel its presence, you have experienced a ____
- change in the concentration of the substance.
- change in the room temperature.
- damage to your sensory receptors.
- sensory adaptation.
sensory adaption
cranial nerves, like spinal nerves, are all mixed nerves. t/f
false
this structure is responsible for secondary control of respiration
- spinal cord
- midbrain
- pons
- thalamus
- cerebellum
pons
the yellow spot at the center of the posterior portion of the retina, called the macula lutea, contains a depression called_ which contains only cone photoreceptors
fovea centralis
the white matter of the cerebellum is knows as the
- tentorium cerebelli
- flocculomotor lobe
- arbor vitae
- cerebella peduncle
arbor vitae
Which of the following is the pathway of sound waves from the auricle to the spiral organ of Corti?
- external auditory canal ? tympanic membrane ? maleus ? incus ? stapes ? oval window ? perilymph
- external auditory canal ? tympanic membrane ? stapes ? incus ? maleus ? secondary tympanic membrane ? endolymph
- eustachian tube ? tympanic membrane ? incus ? maleus ? stapes ? oval window ? endolymph
- internal auditory canal ? tympanic membrane ? eustachian tube ? maleus ? incus ? stapes ? secondary tympanic membrane ? perilymph
- internal auditory canal ? tympanic membrane ? maleus ? incus ? stapes ? secondary tympanic membrane ? Perilymph
external auditory canal ? tympanic membrane ? maleus ? incus ? stapes ? oval window ? perilymph
The limbic system is found within the ____ and is considered the ____
- diencephalon, relay station.
- cerebrum, emotional center.
- midbrain, relay station.
- midbrain, emotional center.
cerebrum, emotional center
Which of the following are known to be free nerve endings? 1) nociceptors, 2) thermoreceptors, 3) proprioceptors, 4) type I mechanoreceptors, 5) type II mechanoreceptors, and 6) receptors for itch and tickle
- 2, 4, 6
- 1, 2, 6
- 3, 4, 5
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 6
Small masses of gray matter that are scattered throughout the brain stem and the inferior part of the diencephalon and whose function is to influence muscle tone and to cause arousal from sleep are collectively referred to as the_
reticular formation
which of the following is found in the frontal lobe?
- wernicke’s area
- broca’s area
- gustatory cortex
- olfactory cortex
- all of the above
broca’s area
cranial nerve V is the facial nerve. t/f
false
Glaucoma, the most common cause of blindness in the United States, results from abnormal build-up of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber of the eye. t/f
true
which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expression?
- oculomotor
- trigeminal
- spinal accessory
- facial
- vagus
facial
the _ contains the photoreceptors in the eye and is a nearly transparent sheet of tissue continuous with the optic nerve
retina
adaption
- occurs rapidly
- is an increase in sensitivity
- is seen in olfaction and hearing
- occurs only with vision
- never occurs with taste
occurs rapidly
alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
- are sensitive to epinephrine
- have several subclasses
- mediate response to the sympathetic nervous system
- a and b are correct
- a b and c are correct
mediate response to the sympathetic nervous system
the main function of this structure is to regulate the amount of light entering the eyeball through the pupil
- retina
- cornea
- iris
- choroid
- tunic
iris
Which is a function of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?
- conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp
- turns eyeball laterally via lateral rectus muscle
- conveys impulses from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
- conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium
conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium
_ is the emotional center of the brain
- brocas area
- wernickes area
- gustatory cortex
- olfactory cortex
- basal ganglia
- limbic system
limbic system
these cells provide for the sense of smell
- olfactory hair cells
- glial cells
- basal stem cells
- bowmans glands
- gustatory cells
olfactory hair cells
_ is an illness associated with a decrease in dopamine. the symptoms include tremors of the hands, slowed movements, and muscle rigidity
Parkinson’s disease
the cranial nerve that originates from both the brain and the spinal cord is the _
accessory XI
Venous blood drains into the ______ before leaving the cranium via the jugular veins?
- subdural space
- subarachnoid venous space
- dural venous sinuses
- B and C
- all of the above
dural venous sinuses
which of the following is not found in the temporal lobe?
- wernickes area
- brocas area
- auditory cortex
- olfactory cortex
brocas area
the cranial nerve known as the _ contains motor fibers and sensory fibers that connect to most organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Vagus X
Which of the following statements about the cornea is true?
- The outer surface is keratinized simple squamous epithelium.
- The outer surface is nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium.
- The connective tissue layer of the cornea is avascular.
- It contains proteins called crystallins.
the connective tissue layer of the cornea is avascular
this structure is responsible for somatic (startle) reflexes in response to loud sounds
- spinal cord
- midbrain
- pons
- thalamus
- cerebellum
midbrain
taste buds consist of supporting c ells, gustatory receptor cells, and basal cells. t/f
true
the dorsal root ganglion contains the cell bodies of motor neurons. t/f
false
temperature receptors adapt rapidly. t/f
true
The postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex
- Are considered the primary gustatory area
- Receives body sensory information
- Controls voluntary body movements
- Receives visual information
- Provides the ability to move the eyeballs
receives body sensory information
this is the space that is found between the cornea and the iris and is filled with aqueous humor
- anterior chamber
- anterior cavity
- posterior chamber
- posterior cavity
- pupil
anterior chamber
The hypothalamus
- produces hormones
- plays a major role in regulating homeostasis, visceral activity and temperature
- regulates certain emotions like rage, sexual arousal, aggression, pain and pleasure
- regulates eating and drinking behavior
- all are correct
all are correct
Loss of taste in the anterior region of the tongue may be an indication of damage to which cranial nerve?
- facial VII
- trigeminal V
- glossopharyngeal IX
- vagus X
facial VII
the lateral cerebral sulcus primarily separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe. t/f
false
which of the following is nor adrenergic receptors?
- alpha 1
- alpha 2
- nicotinic
- muscarinic
- both alpha 1 and alpha 2
- both nicotinic and muscarinic
both nicotinic and muscarinic
cerebrospinal fluid carries chemicals from the _ to neurons
- interstitial fluid
- bile
- intercellular fluid
- arachnoid space
- blood
blood
which of the below receptors is primarily used during hight light situations?
- scotopsin
- b rods
- cones
- vitamin A
- optic nerve
cones
cranial nerve V is also known as the _ nerve
- trochlear
- oculomotor
- trigeminal
- vagus
- abducens
trigeminal
Select the best description for the lacrimal glands:
- near the external opening of the external auditory canal
- embedded in tarsal plate of eyelid
- superior and lateral to the eyeball
- in connective tissue underneath the olfactory epithelium
- at the base of the follicles of the eyelashes
superior and lateral to the eyeball
A block of which nerve would provide anesthesia to the lower teeth and chin?
- maxillary branch of cranial nerve V
- mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
- glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
- cranial nerve VII
mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
the yellow spot at the center of the posterior portion of the retina, called the _ contains a depression called the fovea centralis which contains only cone photoreceptios
macula lutea
motor neurons carry impulses from the periphery to the brain or spinal cord. t/f
false
obstruction or blockage of the nasolacrimal duct will prevent drainage of tears into the:
- aqqueous humor
- vitreous humor
- nasal cavity
- ciliary body
nasal cavity
Visual sensations from images focused on the side of the retina tend to be blurred because there ____
- are no rods in this region.
- are more cones than rods in this region.
- are more rods than cones in this region.
- is an optic disk located on the side.
are more rods than cones in this region
sensory information that arrives in the brain from tracts in the spinal cord is relayed by the thalamus along _ fibers to the cerebral cortex
- association
- commissure
- projection
- none of the above
projection
this type of sensory receptor responds t stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissue
- encapsulated nerve endings
- free nerve endings
- seperate cells
- nociceptors
- chemoreceptors
nociceptors
Which of the following is true when comparing types of pain sensations?
- C fibers, myelinated, slow pain
- A fibers, unmyelinated, acute pain
- C fibers, unmyelinated, chronic pain
- A fibers, myelinated, slow pain
C fibers, unmyelinated, chronic pain
when the ciliary muscles contract the lens thickens causing a far away focus. t/f
false
the lacrimal gland _
- is responsible for tear secretion
- makes lysozyme
- is found laterally above the eye
- all of the above
all of the above
_ is the cranial nerve that has sensory input for taste and motor output for swallowing and gagging
glossopharyngeal IX
Which of the following is (are) adrenergic receptor(s)?
- alpha 1
- alpha 2
- nicotinic
- muscarinic
- both alpha 1 and alpha 2
- both nicotinic and muscarinic
both alpha 1 and alpha 2
small ridges on the surface of the cerebellar cortex are called
- gyri
- sulci
- folia
- vermis
folia
this contains axons of sensory neurons that extend from the medulla oblongata to the thalamus -tectum -colliculi substantia nigra -pontine nuclei -none of the above
none of the above
the olfactory (I) nerves terminate in masses of gray matter called _ which are located on the inferior surface of the brain, superior to the ethmoid bone
olfactory bulb
sympathetic activity will increase blood flow to the heart and skeletal muscles. t/f
true
Choroid plexuses are specialized capillaries in the CNS that: 1) are covered by ependymal cells, 2) are located in the walls of the ventricles, 3) are located in the dural venous sinuses, 4) are the sites for reabsorption of CSF, and 5) are derived from the arachnoid layer of the meninges
- 3, 4, 5
- 1, 2, 4, 5
- 1, 2
- 2, 3, 4
1, 2
melatonin is the hormone that is released by the _ which is an endocrine gland found in the brain that affects circadian rhythms in animals
pineal gland
all cranial nerves, except for _ and the optic (II), originate from the brain stem
olfactory (I)
the stapes transmits vibrations to the oval window of the middle ear. t/f
true
which part of the brain stem contains the cerebral peduncles
- medulla oblongata
- pons
- midbrain
- pyramids
- none of the above
midbrain
Acetylcholine binds to
- nicotinic receptors
- muscarinic receptors
- alpha receptors
- A and B are correct
- A, B, and C are correct
a and b are correct
the olfactory nerve is a mixed nerve with both motor and sensory functions. t/f
false
Which of the following effects does not occur during the fight-or-flight response?
- the pupils constrict
- the airways increase in diameter
- blood vessels to skeletal muscles dilate
- heart rate speeds up
- blood pressure increases
the pupils constrict
The best example of referred pain is:
- shoulder pain while throwing a baseball
- pain still present several minutes after stubbing your toe
- pain felt into the left arm during a heart attack
- pain down your leg from a pinched nerve in your back
pain felt into the left arm during a heart attack
the primary visual area is located in which lobe of the brain?
- frontal
- occipital
- patietal
- flocculondular
- posterior
occipital
The primary auditory area and the primary olfactory areas are located in the temporal lobe of the cortex; the primary visual area is located in the occipital lobe. t/f
true
in what lobe if the cerebrum would you find the primary somatosensory area?
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe
- parietal lobe
- frontal lobe
parietal lobe
which is not considered an accessory structure of the eye?
- eyelids
- eyelashes
- lacrimal apparatus
- eyebrows
- retina
retina
pain sensation is detected by slowly adapting receptors. t/f
true
Which is a function of the accessory (XI) nerve?
- conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue
- conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles
- conveys motor impulses to laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
- controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing
conveys motor impulses to laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Select the best description for the ceruminous glands:
- near the external opening of the external auditory canal
- embedded in tarsal plate of eyelid
- superior and lateral to the eyeball
- in connective tissue underneath the olfactory epithelium
- at the base of the follicles of the eyelashes
near the external opening of the external auditory canal
lower motor cell bodies have their cell bodies in the _ and their axons in the _
- ganglia, brain
- spine, brain
- brain, head
- brain, spine
- spine, ganglia
brain, head
which of the following is a part of the diencephalon?
- thalamus
- medulla oblongata
- superior colliculi
- olfactory cortex
thalamus
Which is the correct order in the flow of tears?
- lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac, excretory lacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity
- lacrimal gland, excretory lacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, nasolacrimal duct, lacrimal sac, nasal cavity
- lacrimal gland, excretory lacrimal duct, nasolacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasal cavity
- lacrimal gland, excretory lacrimal duct, superior of inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity
- lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, excretory lacrimal duct, nasal cavity
lacrimal gland, excretory lacrimal duct, superior of inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity
loss of olfactory receptors is a permanent injury. t/f
true
Medulla nuclei are
- Masses of gray matter
- Masses of white matter
- Both a and b
- Decussation of the pyramids
- None of the abov
masses of the gray matter
_ this is the area of the frontal lobe of the brain coordinates motor speech. injury allows understanding of spoken words but the individual is unable to speak
broca’s area
this protects the brain by preventing passage of harmful substances and pathogens
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- cerebrospinal fluid
- blood brain barrier
- all of the above
blood brain barrier
The cranial nerve responsible for taste and facial expression that is a mixed nerve is ____
- vestibulocochlear VIII.
- facial VII.
- abducens VI.
- trigeminal V.
- glossopharyngeal IX.
- trochlear IV.
facial VII
_ circulates through the ventricles of the brain
cerebrospinal fluid
the tiny elevations on the surface of the tongue are called _
papillae
Which statement is false about the medulla oblongata?
- the cardiovascular center regulates heart rate
- the nuclei of the medulla oblongata are masses of white matter where neurons synapse
- some nuclei are involved with coughing swallowing, and sneezing
- the medullary rhythmicity center adjusts breathing
the nuclei of the medulla oblongata are masses of white matter where neurons synapse
The corpus callosum allows information to travel between cerebral hemispheres. Therefore the corpus callosum contains _____ fibers.
- association
- commissural
- projection
- all of the above
commissural
in what part of the brain would you find the olive?
- midbrain
- medulla oblongata
- hpothalamus
- cerebrum
medulla oblongata
which of the below structures carries action potentials caused by sound transduction?
- cochlea
- pinna
- tympanic membrane
- organ or corti
- vestibulocochlear nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
the primary reason that the sympathetic division of the ANS produces immediate responces within the body is based on the concept of divergence. t/f
true
Which is a true statement regarding the effects of aging on the brain?
- brain mass and conduction velocity stay the same
- conduction velocity increases and brain mass decreases
- the number of synapses remains constant and conduction velocity remains constant
- reflex times increase and brain mass declines
- the number of synapses decreases and reflex time decreases
reflex times increase and brain mass declines
